2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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THE WISDOM AND/OR MADNESS OF CROWDS
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by Nicky Case | apr 2018
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- - - - - - - - - - -
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FAN TRANSLATION GUIDE:
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https://github.com/ncase/crowds#how-to-translate-this-thing
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Hello fan-translaters! Thank you so, so much for your help.
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I hope you know what you've gotten yourself into.
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There's about 3600+ WORDS to translate, including
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the Bonus Boxes and References.
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To make things easier (or less painful, anyway) I've marked
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what needs to be translated and how with big "TRANSLATE" comments.
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Ctrl+F for "TRANSLATE" in uppercase to see what needs to be translated!
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BUT BEFORE YOU TRANSLATE ANYTHING, DO THIS:
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1) Look up the two-letter code of the language you're translating to:
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ISO_639-1_codes
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2) *COPY* index.html, and name the copy [two-letter-code].html
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For example: de.html, ar.html, zh.html, etc...
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3) Translate *THAT* page. Do NOT modify the original index.html!
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And once you're done, go to "translations.txt", and follow the
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instructions there to let this game "know" your translation exists.
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Good luck, and thanks again!
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<3,
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~ Nicky Case
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-->
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<!-- Meta Info -->
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2018-04-27 20:19:03 +00:00
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<title>A Sabedoria e/ou Loucura das Multidões</title> <!-- <title>(TRANSLATE this part only)</title> -->
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<meta name="description" content="um guia interativo das relações humanas"/> <!-- content="(TRANSLATE this part only)" -->
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<meta content="text/html;charset=utf-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
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<meta content="utf-8" http-equiv="encoding">
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<meta charset="utf-8">
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<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="favicon.png">
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<!-- Sharing -->
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2018-04-27 20:19:03 +00:00
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<meta itemprop="name" content="A Sabedoria e/ou Loucura das Multidões"> <!-- content="(TRANSLATE this part only)" -->
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<meta itemprop="description" content="um guia interativo das relações humanas"> <!-- content="(TRANSLATE this part only)" -->
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<meta itemprop="image" content="http://ncase.me/crowds/social/thumb.png">
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2018-04-27 20:19:03 +00:00
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<meta name="twitter:title" content="A Sabedoria e/ou Loucura das Multidões"> <!-- content="(TRANSLATE this part only)" -->
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<meta name="twitter:description" content="um guia interativo das relações humanas"> <!-- content="(TRANSLATE this part only)" -->
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image">
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<meta name="twitter:site" content="@ncasenmare">
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<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@ncasenmare">
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<meta name="twitter:image" content="http://ncase.me/crowds/social/thumb.png">
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2018-04-27 20:19:03 +00:00
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<meta property="og:title" content="A Sabedoria e/ou Loucura das Multidões"> <!-- content="(TRANSLATE this part only)" -->
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<meta property="og:description" content="um guia interativo das relações humanas"> <!-- content="(TRANSLATE this part only)" -->
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<meta property="og:type" content="website">
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<meta property="og:url" content="http://ncase.me/crowds/">
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<meta property="og:image" content="http://ncase.me/crowds/social/thumb.png">
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<!-- Styles -->
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2018-04-27 19:34:19 +00:00
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/index.css?v=3">
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</head>
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<body>
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<!-- THE SLIDESHOW -->
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<div id="container">
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<!-- Simulation(s) in background -->
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<div id="simulations_container">
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<div id="simulations"></div>
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</div>
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<!-- Slideshow: words & buttons -->
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<div id="slideshow_container">
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<div id="slideshow"></div>
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</div>
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<!-- Scratch Transition -->
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<canvas id="scratch" width="711" height="400"></canvas>
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<!-- Skip -->
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2018-04-27 20:19:03 +00:00
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<div id="skip">pular ></div> <!-- TRANSLATE -->
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<!-- Modal -->
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<div id="modal_container">
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<div id="modal_bg"></div>
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<div id="modal">
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<div id="modal_close">⨯</div>
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<div id="modal_content_container">
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<div id="modal_content"></div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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</div>
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<!-- Navigation: Audio, Contents, Share, Translations -->
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<div id="navigation_container">
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<div id="sound" mute="no">
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<div id="sound_icon"></div>
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2018-04-27 20:19:03 +00:00
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<span id="sound_on">LIGADO</span> <!-- TRANSLATE -->
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<span id="sound_off">DESLIGADO</span> <!-- TRANSLATE -->
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</div>
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<div id="sharing">
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<a id="fb" target="_blank" href="TODO"></a>
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<a id="tw" target="_blank" href="TODO"></a>
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<a id="em" target="_blank" href="TODO"></a>
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<span id="share_title">
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2018-04-27 20:19:03 +00:00
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A Sabedoria e/ou Loucura das Multidões <!-- TRANSLATE -->
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</span>
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<span id="share_desc">
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<!-- TRANSLATOR: keep this on ONE LINE or the social sharing will break! -->
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2018-04-27 20:19:03 +00:00
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Por que grupos de pessoas agem de forma inteligente, burra, gentil, cruel? Um guia interativo das relações humanas: <!-- TRANSLATE -->
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</span>
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</div>
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<div id="navigation">
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<!-- The chapters -->
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2018-04-27 19:34:19 +00:00
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<!-- TRANSLATE all the Chapter names! -->
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<div chapter="Introduction">
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<span>0</span>
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<span>0. Introdução</span>
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</div>
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<div chapter="Networks">
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<span>1</span>
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<span>1. Conexões</span>
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</div>
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<div chapter="Simple">
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<span>2</span>
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<span>2. Contágios</span>
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</div>
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<div chapter="Complex">
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<span>3</span>
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<span>3. Contágios Complexos</span>
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</div>
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<div chapter="BB">
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<span>4</span>
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<span>4. Ligações & Pontes</span> <!-- note: & is html for the "and" sign -->
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</div>
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<div chapter="SmallWorld">
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<span>5</span>
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2018-04-30 13:29:23 +00:00
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<span>5. Pequeno Mundo</span>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</div>
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<div chapter="Conclusion">
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<span>6</span>
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<span>6. Concluindo...</span>
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</div>
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<div chapter="Credits">
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<span>7</span>
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<span>7. Créditos</span>
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</div>
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<div chapter="Sandbox">
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<span>★</span>
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<span>★ Modo Experimental! ★</span>
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</div>
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<!-- A divider -->
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<span class="nav_divider"></span>
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<!-- Bonus Notes & References -->
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<div modal="bonus">
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<span>?</span>
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2018-04-30 13:29:23 +00:00
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<span>Caixas Bônus!</span> <!-- TRANSLATE -->
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</div>
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<div modal="references">
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<span style="margin-top: 7px; font-size: 35px;">*</span>
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2018-04-27 20:19:03 +00:00
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<span>Links & Referências</span> <!-- TRANSLATE -->
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</div>
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<div modal="translations">
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<span style="margin-top:5px; position:relative;"><span style="
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position: absolute;
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top: -8px;
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left: 6px;
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">A</span><span style="
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position: absolute;
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font-size: 16px;
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top: -1px;
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left: 16px;
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">あ</span></span>
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2018-04-27 20:19:03 +00:00
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<span>Traduções</span> <!-- TRANSLATE -->
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</div>
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<!-- The hover bubble -->
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<span id="nav_bubble"></span>
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</div>
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<div id="translations"></div>
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<div id="social"></div>
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</div>
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<!-- The Pencil -->
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<div id="pencil_container">
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<canvas id="pencil"></canvas>
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</div>
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<!-- Preloader -->
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<div id="pre_preloader">
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2018-04-27 20:19:03 +00:00
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<div>carregando...</div> <!-- TRANSLATE -->
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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<!-- - - - - -->
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<!-- SCRIPTS -->
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<!-- - - - - -->
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<script src="js/lib/helpers.js"></script>
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<script src="js/lib/minpubsub.src.js"></script>
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<script src="js/lib/howler.min.js"></script>
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<script src="js/lib/Key.js"></script>
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<script src="js/lib/Mouse.js"></script>
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<script src="js/lib/Sprite.js"></script>
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<script src="js/slideshow/Slideshow.js"></script>
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<script src="js/slideshow/Pencil.js"></script>
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<script src="js/slideshow/Boxes.js"></script>
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<script src="js/slideshow/Scratch.js"></script>
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<script src="js/slideshow/Navigation.js"></script>
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<script src="js/slideshow/SimUI.js"></script>
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<script src="js/slideshow/SandboxUI.js"></script>
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<script src="js/slideshow/Modal.js"></script>
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<script src="js/slideshow/Preloader.js"></script>
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2018-04-27 19:34:19 +00:00
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<script src="js/slideshow/Translations.js?v=2"></script>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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2018-04-27 19:34:19 +00:00
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<script src="js/sim/Peep.js?v=2"></script>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<script src="js/sim/Connection.js"></script>
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<script src="js/sim/ConnectorCutter.js"></script>
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<script src="js/sim/Simulations.js"></script>
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<script src="js/chapters/A_Preloader.js"></script>
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<script src="js/chapters/B_Introduction.js"></script>
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<script src="js/chapters/C_Networks.js"></script>
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<script src="js/chapters/D_Simple_Contagion.js"></script>
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<script src="js/chapters/E_Complex_Contagion.js"></script>
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<script src="js/chapters/F_Bonding_And_Bridging.js"></script>
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<script src="js/chapters/G_Small_World.js"></script>
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<script src="js/chapters/H_Conclusion.js"></script>
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<script src="js/chapters/I_Credits.js"></script>
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2018-04-27 19:34:19 +00:00
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<script src="js/chapters/J_Sandbox.js?v=2"></script>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<script src="js/main.js"></script>
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<!-- - - - - - - - - - - - -->
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<!-- THE SLIDESHOW'S WORDS -->
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<!-- - - - - - - - - - - - -->
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<!--
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This is the bulk of what you need to TRANSLATE!
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Translate just the text that's within the <tag></tags>
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If you're using a code editor (like Sublime Text https://www.sublimetext.com/),
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it should automatically highlight what the text is (usually in white).
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-->
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<span style="display:none">
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<!-- Preloader -->
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<words id="preloader_title">
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<div style="font-size: 30px;">
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2018-04-27 20:19:03 +00:00
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<span>a</span>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-27 20:19:03 +00:00
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<span style="font-size: 60px;letter-spacing: 4px;">SABEDORIA</span>
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<span style="position:relative;top: -10px;">e/ou</span>
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<span style="font-size: 60px;">LOUCURA</span>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-27 20:19:03 +00:00
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<span style="position: relative;top: -11px;">das</span>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-27 20:19:03 +00:00
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<span style="font-size: 100px;line-height: 80px;position: relative;top: -15px; display:block;">MULTIDÕES</span>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</div>
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<div style="color:#999">
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2018-04-27 19:34:19 +00:00
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<!-- TRANSLATE note: comment out the line below... -->
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2018-04-27 20:19:03 +00:00
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<!-- playing time: 30 min • by nicky case, april 2018 -->
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2018-04-27 19:34:19 +00:00
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<!-- ...and UN-comment + TRANSLATE this line! -->
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2018-04-30 13:29:23 +00:00
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por nicky case • traduzido por Italo Lelis e Iuri Rezende • <a href='/'>original em Inglês</a>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</div>
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</words>
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<words id="preloader_button">
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<next></next>
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</words>
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<words id="preloader_loading">
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2018-04-27 20:19:03 +00:00
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carregando...
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="preloader_play">
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vamos jogar! <div class="rarr"></div>
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</words>
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<!-- Introduction -->
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<!--
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TRANSLATE note: to make the text stay in a circle, I added lots of <br> breaks.
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You may have to re-arrange the <br>'s in order to do your translation.
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It shouldn't look too bad if they're slightly off, though!
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Also, <b></b> bolds a word/phrase, and <i></i> italicizes a word/phrase.
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-->
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<words id="intro">
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<br><br>
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2018-04-29 21:07:14 +00:00
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Isaac Newton tinha certeza de que era um
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-29 21:07:14 +00:00
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sabichão. Depois de inventar o cálculo e a teoria da
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-29 21:07:14 +00:00
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gravidade, ele deveria ser inteligente o suficiente para
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-29 21:07:14 +00:00
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fazer um investimento financeiro, certo? Bem, resumindo a história,
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-29 21:07:14 +00:00
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ele perdeu $4,600,000 (na cotação atual do dólar) na bolha nacional
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2018-04-27 19:34:19 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-29 21:07:14 +00:00
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especulativa conhecida como a Quebra dos Mares do Sul de 1720.
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br><br>
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2018-04-29 21:07:14 +00:00
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Como o próprio Sir Newton disse posteriormente: <i>“Eu consigo calcular
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-29 21:07:14 +00:00
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o movimento dos corpos celestiais, mas não a loucura das pessoas.”</i>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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2018-04-29 21:07:14 +00:00
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<next>é, que ruim pra ele <div class="rarr"></div> </next>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="intro_2">
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<div style="height:0.5em"></div>
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2018-04-30 13:29:23 +00:00
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Claro, não foi a única vez que
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-30 13:29:23 +00:00
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mercados, instituições, ou democracias
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-30 13:29:23 +00:00
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inteiras saíram de controle — a <i>loucura</i> das massas.
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-27 16:31:41 +00:00
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Ainda assim, logo que se perde a esperança na humanidade,
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-30 13:29:23 +00:00
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veem-se cidadãos coordenando para se resgatar uns aos
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-30 13:29:23 +00:00
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outros em furacões, comunidades criando soluções para problemas,
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-30 13:29:23 +00:00
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pessoas lutando por um mundo melhor — a <i>sabedoria</i> das massas!
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<div style="height:0.9em"></div>
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2018-04-27 16:31:41 +00:00
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<b>Mas <i>por que</i> algumas massas se rendem à loucura, ou à sabedoria?</b> Nenhuma teoria
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-30 13:29:23 +00:00
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consegue explicar tudo, mas acredito que um novo campo de estudo,
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-27 16:31:41 +00:00
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<b>ciência das redes</b>, pode nos guiar! E sua ideia central é esta: para
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-30 13:29:23 +00:00
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entender massas, deveríamos olhar não às <i>pessoas
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-27 16:31:41 +00:00
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individuais</i>, mas para...
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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2018-04-27 16:31:41 +00:00
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<next>...suas <i>conexões.</i> <div class="rarr"></div> </next>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<!-- Networks -->
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<words id="networks_tutorial_start">
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2018-04-30 13:10:54 +00:00
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<b>Vamos desenhar uma rede!</b>
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Cada conexão representa uma amizade entre duas pessoas:
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="networks_tutorial_connect">
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2018-04-30 13:10:54 +00:00
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desenhe para conectar
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="networks_tutorial_disconnect">
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2018-04-30 13:10:54 +00:00
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risque para desconectar
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="networks_tutorial_end">
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2018-04-30 13:10:54 +00:00
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quando você estiver pronto desenhando e brincando,
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<next wiggle>vamos continuar <div class="rarr"></div> </next>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="networks_threshold">
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2018-04-30 13:10:54 +00:00
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Agora, conexões sociais são mais do que apenas figuras bonitinhas.
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As pessoas <i>olham para</i> suas conexões sociais para entender o mundo.
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Por exemplo, as pessoas olham para seus próximos para
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2018-04-30 13:37:32 +00:00
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descobrir <b>qual % de seus amigos</b> (não contando a si mesmos),
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digamos, bebem demais. <icon name="yellow"></icon>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="networks_threshold_instruction">
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2018-04-30 13:10:54 +00:00
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<b>Desenhe/apague conexões, e veja o que acontece! <div class="rarr"></div> </b>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="networks_threshold_end">
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2018-04-30 13:10:54 +00:00
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<next>legal, entendi</next>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="networks_pre_puzzle">
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2018-04-30 13:10:54 +00:00
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Entretanto, redes podem <i>enganar</i> pessoas.
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Do mesmo jeito que a Terra parece plana porque estamos nela,
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as pessoas podem pegar ideias erradas sobre a sociedade por que estão <i>dentro</i> dela.
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="optional_reading">
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<div style="position:absolute; top:5px;">
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2018-04-30 13:10:54 +00:00
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<i>opcional</i> notas bônus extras! ↑
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</div>
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<div style="position:absolute; left:216px; top:10px;">
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2018-04-30 13:10:54 +00:00
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↓ links e referências
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</div>
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</words>
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<words id="networks_pre_puzzle_2">
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<bon id="books"></bon>
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<br>
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2018-04-30 13:10:54 +00:00
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Por exemplo, um estudo de 1991<ref id="drunk"></ref> mostrou que
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“virtualmente todos os estudantes [universitários] reportaram que seus amigos bebiam mais que eles próprios.”
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Mas isso parece impossível!
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Como isso pode ser?
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Bem, você está prestes a obter a resposta, desenhando uma rede.
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É hora de...
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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2018-04-30 13:10:54 +00:00
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<next>ENGANAR TODO MUNDO <div class="rarr"></div> </next>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="networks_puzzle">
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2018-04-30 13:37:32 +00:00
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<b style="font-size:2em">HORA DO DESAFIO!</b>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-30 13:37:32 +00:00
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Engane <i>todo mundo</i> para pensar que
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a maioria de seus amigos (mais de 50%) bebem demais <icon name="yellow"></icon>
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(mesmo que quem bebe demais estejam em desvantagem de 2 para 1!)
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="networks_puzzle_metric">
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2018-04-30 13:37:32 +00:00
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<b>ENGANADOS:</b>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="networks_puzzle_metric_2">
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2018-04-30 13:37:32 +00:00
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de 9 pessoas
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="networks_puzzle_end">
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2018-04-30 13:37:32 +00:00
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Parabéns! Você manipulou um grupo de estudantes a acreditar
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na prevalência de uma norma social incrivelmente não saudável! Muito bem!
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<next wiggle>...tá. obrigado?</next>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="networks_post_puzzle">
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2018-04-30 13:37:32 +00:00
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O que você acabou de criar se chama A Ilusão da Maioria<ref id="majority"></ref>,
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o que também explica porque as pessoas acham que sua visão política é consenso,
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ou porque o extremismo parece mais comum do que é na realidade.
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<i>Loucura.</i>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<bon id="connections"></bon>
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2018-04-30 13:37:32 +00:00
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Mas as pessoas não apenas <i>observam</i> passivamente ideias e comportamentos dos outros,
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elas ativamente os <i>copiam</i>.
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Então agora, vamos olhar para algo que os cientistas chamam de...
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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2018-04-30 13:37:32 +00:00
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<next>“Contágios!” <div class="rarr"></div> </next>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<!-- Simple Contagions -->
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<words id="simple_simple">
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2018-04-30 13:37:32 +00:00
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<i>Vamos desconsiderar a palavra "maioria" por agora.</i>
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Abaixo: temos uma pessoa <icon name="red"></icon> com alguma informação.
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Alguma <i>des</i>informação. "Fake news", como os bam-bam-bans dizem.
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E todo dia, essa pessoa espalha o rumor, como um vírus, para seus amigos.
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E eles, por sua vez, espalham aos amigos <i>dos amigos</i>. E assim vai.
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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<b>
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2018-04-30 13:37:32 +00:00
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Iniciar a simulação! <div class="darr"></div>
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(p.s: não pode desenhar <i>enquanto</i> está simulando)
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</b>
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</words>
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<words id="simple_simple_2">
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2018-04-30 13:37:32 +00:00
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Nota: apesar do nome negativo, "contágios" podem ser bons ou ruins (ou neutros ou ambíguos).
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Existe forte evidência estatística<ref id="contagion"></ref> de que
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fumar, saúde, felicidade, eleições, e níveis de cooperação
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são todos "contagiosos" --
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e até alguma evidência de que suicídios<ref id="suicides"></ref> e tiroteios em massa<ref id="shootings"></ref> também são.
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="simple_simple_end">
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2018-04-30 13:37:32 +00:00
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<next wiggle>bem, isso é deprimente <div class="rarr"></div> </next>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="simple_cascade">
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2018-04-30 13:37:32 +00:00
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É verdade.
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De qualquer forma, <b>HORA DO DESAFIO!</b>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-30 13:37:32 +00:00
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Desenhe uma rede & simule,
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de modo que <i>todo mundo</i> se infeccione com o "contágio".
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-30 13:37:32 +00:00
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(regra nova: você não pode cortar conexões <i>grossas</i>)
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="simple_cascade_end">
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2018-04-30 13:37:32 +00:00
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<next wiggle>fan-super-tástico <div class="rarr"></div> </next>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="simple_post_cascade">
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2018-04-30 13:37:32 +00:00
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Essa propagação de loucura é chamada <b>"cascata de informações"</b>.
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O Sr. Newton caiu nessa cascata em 1720.
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As instituições financeiras cairam nessa cascata em 2008.<ref id="subprime"></ref>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br><br>
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2018-04-30 13:37:32 +00:00
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Entretanto: <i>esta simulação está incorreta.</i>
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A maioria das ideias <i>não</i> propagam como vírus.
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Para várias crenças e comportamentos, você deve ser "exposto" ao contágio mais que apenas uma vez
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para ser "infectado".
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Então, cientistas criaram uma maneira nova e melhor de
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descrever como ideias/comportamentos propagam, e os chamaram de...
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<next wiggle>“Contágios <i>Complexos</i>!” <div class="rarr"></div> </next>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<!-- Complex Contagions -->
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<words id="complex_complex">
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2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
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Vamos voltar com a ideia de "maioria" e o beber demais <icon name="yellow"></icon> do exemplo anterior!
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Quando você brincou com isso na primeira vez, as pessoas não mudavam seu comportamento.
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br><br>
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2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
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Agora, vamos simular o que acontece se as pessoas começarem a beber demais
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<i>quando 50%+ de seus amigos o fazem!</i>
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<b>Antes de simular, se pergunte o que <i>deveria</i> acontecer.</b>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br><br>
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2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
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<b>Agora, comece a simular, e veja o que realmente acontece! <div class="rarr"></div> </b>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="complex_complex_2">
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<span style="line-height:1.3em; display:block;">
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2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
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Diferente do contágio anterior "fake news" <icon name="red"></icon>,
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este contágio <icon name="yellow"></icon> <i>não</i> propaga a todo mundo!
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As primeiras pessoas se "infectam", porque apesar de estarem expostos a um indivíduo
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que bebe demais, esse bebedor representa 50% de seus amigos. (é, solitário)
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Em contraste, a pessoa próxima ao final da cadeia <i>não</i> se "infectou",
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porque enquanto ela foi exposta a um amigo que bebe demais,
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esse amigo não passou da linha de + de 50%.
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<div style="height:0.75em"></div>
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2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
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Essa <i>relativa</i> % de amigos "infectados" importa.
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<i>Essa é</i> a diferença entre a teoria dos <b>contágios complexos</b><ref id="complex"></ref>,
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e a inocente teoria viral dos <b>contágios simples</b>.
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(dá para dizer que "contágios simples" são contágios que infectam com "mais de 0%")
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<div style="height:0.75em"></div>
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2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
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Entretanto, contágios não são necessariamente ruins —
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então chega de <i>madness</i> das multidões, que tal...
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<next>...<i>sabedoria</i> das multidões?</next>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</span>
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</words>
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<words id="complex_complex_3">
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2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
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Aqui, temos uma pessoa <icon name="blue"></icon> que faz trabalho voluntário para... não sei,
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resgatar pessoas em furacões, ou ensinar crianças sem privilégios na comunidade local, ou algo legal assim.
|
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O ponto é, esse é um contágio complexo "bom".
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Dessa vez, entretanto, digamos que o limite é de apenas 25% —
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as pessoas querem fazer trabalho voluntário, mas apenas se 25% ou mais de seus amigos o faz também.
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Ei, boa vontade necessita de um pouco de encorajamento social.
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br><br>
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|
2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
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<b>← "Infecte" todo mundo com as boas vibrações!</b>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="complex_complex_3_end">
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<span style="line-height:1.3em; display:block;">
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<b>NOTE:</b> Volunteering is just <i>one</i> of many complex contagions!
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Others include: voter turnout, lifestyle habits,
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challenging your beliefs,
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|
taking time to understand a issue deeply — anything
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that needs more than one "exposure".
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Complex contagions aren't <i>necessarily</i> wise,
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|
but being wise is a complex contagion.
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<div style="height:0.75em"></div>
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|
2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
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(Então, o que é um contágio <i>simples</i> na vida real?
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Geralmente curiosidades, como, "o gambá possui 13 mamilos"<ref id="possum"></ref>)
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<bon id="contagions"></bon>
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|
2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
|
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|
Agora, para <i>realmente</i> mostrar o poder e a esquisitice de contágios complexos, vamos revisitar...
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
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|
2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
|
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|
<next>...um desafio anterior <div class="rarr"></div> </next>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</span>
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</words>
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<words id="complex_cascade">
|
2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
|
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|
Lembra disso? Desta vez, com um contágio <i>complexo</i> <icon name="blue"></icon>, vai ser um pouco mais difícil...
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
|
2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
|
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|
<b>Tente "infectar" todo mundo com sabedoria complexa! <div class="darr"></div></b>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="complex_cascade_feel_free">
|
2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
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(sinta-se livre para apertar 'iniciar' e <i>tentar</i> quantas soluções quiser)
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="complex_cascade_end">
|
2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
|
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|
<next wiggle>DING DING DING <div class="rarr"></div> </next>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="complex_post_cascade">
|
2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
|
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|
Agora, você pode achar que você só precisa adicionar conexões para propagar qualquer contágio,
|
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|
"complexo" ou "simples", bom ou ruim, sábio ou louco.
|
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|
Mas isso realmente é verdade? Bem, vamos revisitar...
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
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|
</words>
|
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|
<words id="complex_post_cascade_end">
|
2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<next wiggle>...outro desafio anterior <div class="rarr"></div> </next>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
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|
</words>
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<words id="complex_prevent">
|
2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
|
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|
Se você apertar "iniciar" abaixo, o contágio complexo <icon name="blue"></icon> vai se propagar para todo mundo.
|
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|
Nenhuma surpresa aqui.
|
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|
Mas agora, vamos fazer o <i>oposto</i> de tudo o que fizemos até agora:
|
|
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|
|
|
<b>desenhe uma rede para <i>evitar</i> que o contágio se espalhe para todo mundo! <div class="darr"></div></b>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
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</words>
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<words id="complex_prevent_2">
|
2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
|
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|
|
Você viu?
|
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|
Enquanto mais conexões irão sempre ajudar a propagar ideias <i>simples</i>,
|
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|
<b>mais conexões podem atrapalhar o propagação de ideias <i>complexas</i>!</b>
|
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|
(faz você pensar sobre a internet, né?)
|
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|
E este não é apenas um problema teórico. Isso pode ser questão de vida...
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="complex_prevent_end">
|
2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
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|
<next wiggle>...ou morte. <div class="rarr"></div> </next>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
|
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|
<words id="complex_groupthink">
|
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|
2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
|
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|
|
As pessoas na NASA eram sabichões.
|
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|
Digo, eles usavam as teorias de Newton para nos levar à lua.
|
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|
De qualquer modo, resumindo, em 1986,
|
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|
<i>apesar das advertências dos engenheiros</i>,
|
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|
|
eles lançaram o <i>Challenger</i>,
|
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|
que explodiu e matou 7 pessoas.
|
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|
A causa imediata:
|
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|
|
estava muito frio naquela manhã.
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
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|
<div style="height:0.9em"></div>
|
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|
2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
|
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|
A causa menos imediata: os gerentes ignoraram as advertências dos engenheiros.
|
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|
Por quê? Devido ao <b>pensamento de grupo</b><ref id="groupthink"></ref>.
|
|
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|
|
Quando um grupo está ligado <i>demais</i>, (como tendem a ser no topo de instituições)
|
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|
ele se torna resistente a ideias complexas que desafiam suas crenças ou ego.
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
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|
<div style="height:0.9em"></div>
|
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|
2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
|
|
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|
Então, é assim que instituições podem cair na loucura das multidões.
|
|
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|
|
Mas como podemos "desenhar" para <i>sabedoria</i> das multidões?
|
|
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|
|
Em resumo, duas palavras:
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
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|
|
2018-04-30 14:17:40 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<next>Ligações & Pontes <div class="rarr"></div> </next>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
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|
</words>
|
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|
|
<!-- Bonding & Bridging -->
|
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|
<words id="bonding_1">
|
2018-04-30 16:16:37 +00:00
|
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|
← Poucas conexões e uma ideia não consegue se espalhar.
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
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|
<br>
|
2018-04-30 16:16:37 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Muitas conexões e você tem o pensamento de grupo. <div class="rarr"></div>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
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|
|
</words>
|
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|
<words id="bonding_2">
|
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|
<b>
|
2018-04-30 16:16:37 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Desenhe um grupo que está no meio termo:
|
|
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|
|
faça conexões suficientes para espalhar uma ideia complexa!
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
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|
<div class="darr"></div>
|
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|
</b>
|
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</words>
|
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|
<words id="bonding_end">
|
2018-04-30 16:16:37 +00:00
|
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|
Muito simples!
|
|
|
|
|
|
O número de conexões <i>dentro</i> de um grupo é chamado <b>capital social de ligação</b><ref id="social_capital"></ref>.
|
|
|
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|
|
Mas e as conexões...
|
|
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|
|
<next wiggle>...<i>entre</i> grupos?</next>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
|
|
|
</words>
|
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|
<words id="bridging_1">
|
2018-04-30 16:16:37 +00:00
|
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|
|
Como você já deve ter imaginado,
|
|
|
|
|
|
o número de conexões <i>entre</i> grupos é chamado
|
|
|
|
|
|
<b>capital social de ponte</b>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Isso é importante porque ajuda os grupos a saírem de sua bolha de visão limitada!
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
2018-04-30 16:16:37 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<b>Construa uma ponte para "infectar" todo mundo com bondade:</b>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
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</words>
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<words id="bridging_end">
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2018-04-30 16:16:37 +00:00
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Assim como a ligação, existe também um meio termo ideal para as pontes.<ref id="bridge"></ref>
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(desafio extra: tente desenhar uma ponte tão densa que o contáio complexo
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<i>não consegue</i> passar por ela!)
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Agora que nós sabemos como "construir" conexões <i>dentro</i> e <i>entre</i> grupos, vamos...
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<next wiggle>...fazer AMBOS ao mesmo tempo!</next>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="bb_1">
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2018-04-30 14:42:14 +00:00
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<b style="font-size:2em">DESAFIO FINAL!</b>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
|
2018-04-30 14:42:14 +00:00
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Desenhe conexões dentro dos grupos (ligações) e entre os grupos (pontes)
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para espalhar sabedoria por toda a multidão:
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="bb_2">
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2018-04-30 14:42:14 +00:00
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Parabéns, você acaba de desenhar um tipo muito especial de rede!
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Redes com a mistura exata de ligações e pontes
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são profundamente importantes, e são chamadas...
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<next wiggle>“Redes de Pequeno Mundo” <div class="rarr"></div> </next>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="bb_small_world_1">
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2018-04-30 14:42:14 +00:00
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<i>"Unidade sem uniformidade". "Diversidade sem divisão". "E Pluribus Unum: de muitos, um".</i>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-30 14:42:14 +00:00
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Não importa como é dito,
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pessoas de diferentes épocas e culturas geralmente chegam nessa mesma sabedoria:
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<b>
|
2018-04-30 14:42:14 +00:00
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uma sociedade saudável precisa de um ponto estável de ligações <i>dentro</i> dos grupos
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e pontes <i>entre</i> os grupos.
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</b>
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2018-04-30 14:42:14 +00:00
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Assim:
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="bb_small_world_2">
|
2018-04-30 14:42:14 +00:00
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Não isto...
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-30 14:42:14 +00:00
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(porque ideias não propagam)
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="bb_small_world_3">
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2018-04-30 14:42:14 +00:00
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nem isto...
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
|
2018-04-30 14:42:14 +00:00
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(porque você vai ter pensamento de grupo)
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="bb_small_world_4">
|
2018-04-30 14:42:14 +00:00
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...mas <i>ISTO:</i>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="bb_small_world_5">
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2018-04-30 14:42:14 +00:00
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Cientistas de rede hoje possuem uma definição matemática para essa sabedoria antiga:
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a <b>rede de mundo pequeno</b><ref id="small_world"></ref>.
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Essa mistura ótima de ligações+pontes descreve como
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nossos neurônios estão conectados<ref id="swn_neurons"></ref>,
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nutre criatividade coletiva<ref id="swn_creativity"></ref>
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e solucionamento de problemas<ref id="swn_social_physics"></ref>,
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e até uma vez ajudou o Presidente dos EUA John F. Kennedy (quase) evitar uma guerra nuclear!<ref id="swn_jfk"></ref>
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Então, sim, mundos pequenos têm grande importância.
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="bb_small_world_end">
|
2018-04-30 14:42:14 +00:00
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<next>ok, vamos resumir isto... <div class="rarr"></div> </next>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<!-- Sandbox -->
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<words id="sandbox_caption">
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(pst... wanna know a secret?<ref id="sandbox"></ref>)
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</words>
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<words id="sandbox_contagion">
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Contagion:
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</words>
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<words id="sandbox_contagion_simple">
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simple
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</words>
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<words id="sandbox_contagion_complex">
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complex
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</words>
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<words id="sandbox_color_chooser">
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The Contagion's Color:
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</words>
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<words id="sandbox_tool_chooser">
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Select a tool...
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</words>
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<words id="sandbox_tool_pencil">
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Draw Network
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</words>
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<words id="sandbox_tool_add">
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Add Person
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</words>
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<words id="sandbox_tool_add_infected">
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|
Add "Infected"
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</words>
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<words id="sandbox_tool_move">
|
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|
Drag Person
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</words>
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<words id="sandbox_tool_delete">
|
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|
Delete Person
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|
</words>
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<words id="sandbox_tool_clear">
|
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|
<b>CLEAR IT ALL</b>
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</words>
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<words id="sandbox_shortcuts_label">
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|
(...or, use keyboard shortcuts!)
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</words>
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<words id="sandbox_shortcuts">
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|
[1]: Add Person [2]: Add "Infected"
|
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|
<br>
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|
[Space]: Drag [Backspace]: Delete
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</words>
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|
<!-- Conclusion -->
|
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<words id="conclusion_1">
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|
<div style="font-size: 30px;">
|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
|
|
|
CONCLUINDO: tudo trata de...
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
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|
<div style="
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|
width: 100%;
|
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|
position: absolute;
|
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|
font-size: 88px;
|
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|
top: 20px;
|
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|
line-height: 100px; display:block;
|
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|
">
|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Contágios & Conexões
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
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|
|
</div>
|
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|
<div style="
|
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|
width: 710px;
|
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|
position: absolute;
|
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|
top: 125px;
|
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|
left: 250px;
|
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">
|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<b>Contágios:</b>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assim como neurônios transmitem sinais no cérebro,
|
|
|
|
|
|
pessoas transmitem crenças & comportamentos em uma sociedade.
|
|
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|
Não apenas influenciamos nossos amigos,
|
|
|
|
|
|
também influenciamos os amigos de nossos amigos, e até os amigos dos amigos de nossos amigos!<ref id="three_degrees"></ref>
|
|
|
|
|
|
(“seja a mudança que você quer ver no mundo” etc etc)
|
|
|
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|
|
Mas, como neurônios, não são apenas sinais que importam, são também...
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
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|
<div style="
|
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|
width: 710px;
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|
position: absolute;
|
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|
top: 275px;
|
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|
left: 250px;
|
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">
|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<b>Conexões:</b>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Muito poucas conexões e ideias complexas não propagam.
|
|
|
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|
|
Conexões <i>demais</i> e ideias complexas são exterminadas por pensamento de grupo.
|
|
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|
O truque é construir uma rede de mundo pequeno, a mistura ótima entre
|
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|
|
ligações e pontes: <i>de muitos, um.</i>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
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|
</div>
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|
<div style="
|
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|
width: 350px;
|
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|
position: absolute;
|
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|
top: 410px;
|
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|
left: 220px;
|
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|
text-align: center;
|
2018-04-27 19:34:19 +00:00
|
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|
|
color: #999;
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
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|
">
|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
|
|
|
(quer fazer suas próprias simulações?
|
|
|
|
|
|
olhe o Modo Experimental, clicando na (★) abaixo!)
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
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|
<div style="
|
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|
width: 400px;
|
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|
position: absolute;
|
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|
top: 395px;
|
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|
right: 0px;
|
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text-align: right;
|
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">
|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Então, e a questão do comecinho?
|
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|
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|
|
Por que algumas multidões <i>tendem</i> à...
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
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|
</div>
|
|
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|
<div style="
|
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|
width: 300px;
|
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|
position: absolute;
|
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|
top: 460px;
|
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right: 0px;
|
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">
|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
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|
|
<next>...sabedoria e/ou loucura?</next>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
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|
</div>
|
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</words>
|
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<words id="conclusion_2">
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|
<span style="line-height:1.4em; display:block;">
|
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<div style="height:0.5em"></div>
|
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|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
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|
|
De Newton à NASA à
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
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|
|
<br>
|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
|
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|
ciência de rede, cobrimos muito aqui
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
|
|
|
hoje. Resumindo tudo, a loucura das multidões
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
|
|
|
não necessariamente se deve às <i>pessoas individuais</i>, mas a
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
|
|
|
como estamos enroscados em uma grudenta teia da rede.
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
<div style="height:0.9em"></div>
|
|
|
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|
|
|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Isso <i>NÃO</i> significa abandonar responsabilidade pessoal, porque
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
|
|
|
também somos os <i>tecelões</i> dessa teia. Então, melhore seus contágios:
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
|
|
|
seja cético de ideias que te lisonjeiam<ref id="flatter"></ref>, use tempo entendendo
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
|
|
|
ideias complexas. E melhore suas conexões: ligue-se a pessoas similares,
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
|
|
|
mas também construa pontes entre divisões culturais/políticas.
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div style="height:0.9em"></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Podemos tecer uma rede sábia. Claro, é mais difícil que desenhar
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
|
|
|
linhas em uma tela...
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<next>...mas ainda assim, compensa.</next>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
|
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|
|
</span>
|
|
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|
|
</words>
|
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|
|
<words id="conclusion_3">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<i>
|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
|
|
|
“Os grandes triunfos e tragédias da história são causados,
|
|
|
|
|
|
não por pessoas sendo fundamentalmente boas ou fundamentalmente más,
|
|
|
|
|
|
mas por pessoas sendo fundamentalmente pessoas.”
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
|
|
|
</i>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span style="position:relative; top:5px">~</span> Neil Gaiman & Terry Pratchett
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div style="height:0.8em"></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<next small><3</next>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</words>
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Credits -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<words id="credits">
|
|
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|
<div style="text-align:center; color:#fff; letter-spacing: 1px; font-size: 24px; line-height: 27px;">
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
<span style="color:#777; position:relative; top:5px;">
|
2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
|
|
|
|
criado por</span>
|
2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<div style="font-size: 3em; line-height: 1.0em;">
|
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NICKY CASE</div>
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<a target="_blank" href="http://ncase.me" style="text-decoration:none">
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2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
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brinque com minhas outras coisas</a> ·
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2018-04-27 19:34:19 +00:00
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<a target="_blank" href="https://twitter.com/ncasenmare" style="text-decoration:none">
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2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
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siga meu twitter</a>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br><br>
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<span style="color:#777; position:relative; top:5px; display: inline-block; margin-top: 15px;">
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2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
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muito amor e obrigado a</span>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<div style="font-size: 3em; line-height: 1.0em;">
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2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
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MEUS APOIADORES NO PATREON</div>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<a onclick='publish("reference/show", ["supporters"]);'>
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2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
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veja nomes & desenhos dos apoiadores</a> ·
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<a onclick='publish("reference/show", ["playtesters"]);'>
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2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
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veja testadores</a>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.patreon.com/ncase" style="text-decoration:none">
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2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
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me ajude a fazer mais disso! <3</a>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br><br>
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<span style="display: inline-block; margin-top: 15px;">
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2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
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♫ música é
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<a target="_blank" href="http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Komiku/Tale_on_the_Late/" style="text-decoration:none">
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"Friends 2018" and "Friends 2068"</a>
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2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
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por Komiku
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<br>
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2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
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</> <i>Multidões</i> é
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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<a target="_blank" href="https://github.com/ncase/crowds" style="text-decoration:none">
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2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
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completamente open source</a>
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</span>
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<br>
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<bon id="further_reading"></bon>
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</div>
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</words>
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<!-- x. misc -->
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<words id="WIN">
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2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
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GANHAR
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="sim_start">
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2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
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iniciar simulação
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="sim_stop">
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2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
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resetar & redesenhar
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="translations_exist">
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2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
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Traduções de fans:
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<words id="translations_do_not_exist">
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<!-- There's no need to TRANSLATE this line since, well, -->
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<!-- it'll only show up if no translations exist -->
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What the, no fan-made translations exist yet?!
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</words>
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<words id="translations_add">
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2018-04-30 15:08:26 +00:00
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(adicione suas próprias!)
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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</words>
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<!-- - - - - - - -->
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<!-- BONUS BOXES -->
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<!-- - - - - - - -->
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<!--
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Sorry, not done yet! These Bonus Boxes need you to TRANSLATE, too:
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(And then afterwards, the final thing, translate the References)
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-->
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<bonus id="books">
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<h3>
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A quick response to James Surowiecki's <i>The Wisdom of Crowds</i>
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</h3>
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<div>
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<img src="sprites/bonus/surowieki.jpg" width="200" height="300" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"/>
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First off, I'm not dissing
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<a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wisdom_of_Crowds">
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this book.</a>
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It's a good book, and Surowiecki was trying to tackle the same question I am:
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<b>“why do some crowds turn to madness, or wisdom?”</b>
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<br><br>
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Surowiecki's answer: crowds make good decisions when everybody is as independent as possible.
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He gives the story of a county fair,
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where the townsfolk were invited to guess the weight of an ox.
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Surprisingly, the average of <i>all</i> their guesses was better than any <i>one</i> guess</i>.
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But, here's the rub: the people have to guess <i>independently</i> of each other.
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Otherwise,
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they'd be influenced by earlier incorrect guesses,
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and the average answer would be highly skewed.
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<br><br>
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But... I don't think "make everyone as independent as possible" is the full answer.
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Even geniuses, who we mischaracterize as the most independent thinkers,
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are deeply influenced by others. As Sir Isaac Newton said,
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<i>“If I have seen further, it is by standing on the sholders of Giants.”</i>
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<br><br>
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So, which idea is correct?
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Does wisdom come from thinking for yourself, or thinking with others?
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The answer is: "yes".
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<br><br>
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So that's what I'll try to explain in this explorable explanation:
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how to get that sweet spot between independence and interdependence —
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that is, how to get a wise crowd.
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</div>
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</bonus>
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<bonus id="connections">
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<h3>
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What other kinds of connections are there?
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</h3>
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<div>
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For the sake of simplicity,
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my simulations pretend that people can only be connected through friendships,
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and that all friendships are equal.
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But network scientists <i>do</i> consider other ways we can be connected, such as:
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<br>
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<img src="sprites/bonus/connection1.png" width="250" height="150" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"/>
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<b>Directional connections.</b> Alice is the boss of Bob, but Bob is not the boss of Alice.
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Carol is the parent of Dave, but Dave is not the parent of Carol.
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"Boss" & "parent" are <i>directional</i> relationships:
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the relationship only goes one way.
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In contrast, "friends" is a <i>bidirectional</i> relationship:
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the relationship goes both ways. (well, hopefully)
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<br>
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<img src="sprites/bonus/connection2.png" width="250" height="150" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"/>
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<b>Weighted connections.</b> Elinor and Frankie are mere acquaintances.
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George and Harry are Best Friends Forever.
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Even though there's a "friendship" connection in both cases, the second one is stronger.
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We say that these two connections have different "weights".
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<br>
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<img src="sprites/bonus/map.png" width="200" height="200" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"/>
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Just remember: <b>all these simulations are wrong.</b> The same way any map is "wrong".
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You see the map on the left? Buildings aren't gray featureless blocks!
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Words don't float above the city! However, maps are useful not <i>despite</i> being simplified,
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but <i>because</i> they're simplified. Same goes for simulations, or any scientific theory.
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Of <i>course</i> they're "wrong" — that's what makes them <i>useful</i>.
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</div>
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</bonus>
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<bonus id="contagions">
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<h3>
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What other kinds of contagions are there?
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</h3>
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<div>
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There are so, so many ways that network scientists can simulate "contagions"!
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I picked the simplest one, for educational purposes.
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But here's other ways you could do it:
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<br>
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<img src="sprites/bonus/contagion1.png" width="250" height="150" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"/>
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<b>Contagions with Randomness</b>.
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Being "exposed" to a contagion doesn't <i>guarantee</i> you'll be infected,
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it only makes it more <i>likely</i>.
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<br>
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<img src="sprites/bonus/contagion2.png" width="250" height="150" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"/>
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<b>People have different contagion thresholds.</b>
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My simulations pretend that everyone has the same threshold for binge-drinking (50%) or
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volunteering (25%) or misinformation (0%).
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Of course, that's not true in real life, and you could make your sim reflect that.
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<br>
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<img src="sprites/bonus/contagion3.png" width="250" height="150" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"/>
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<b>An ecology of contagions.</b>
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What if there were <i>multiple</i> contagions, with <i>different</i> thresholds?
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For example, a simple "madness" contagion and a complex "wisdom" contagion.
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If someone's infected with madness, can they still be infected with wisdom?
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Or vice versa?
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Can someone be infected with both?
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<br>
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<img src="sprites/bonus/contagion4.png" width="250" height="150" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"/>
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<b>Contagions that mutate and evolve.</b>
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Ideas don't pass perfectly from one person to another the way a virus does.
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Like a game of Telephone, the message gets mutated with each re-telling —
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and sometimes the mutant will be more infectious than the original!
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So, over time, ideas "evolve" to be more catchy, copy-able, contagious.
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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</div>
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</bonus>
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<bonus id="further_reading">
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<h3>
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I wanna learn more! What else can I read and/or play?
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</h3>
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<div>
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This explorable explanation was just a springboard for your curiosity,
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so you can dive deeper into a vast pool of knowledge!
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Here's more stuff on networks or social systems:
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<br><br>
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<img src="sprites/bonus/connected.png" width="200" height="200" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"/>
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<b>Book:</b>
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<a target="_blank" href="http://www.connectedthebook.com/">
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Connected</a>
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by Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler (2009).
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An accessible tour of how our networks affect our lives, for good or ill.
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<a target="_blank" href="http://www.connectedthebook.com/pdf/excerpt.pdf">
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Here's an excerpt: Preface & Chapter 1
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</a>
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<br>
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<img src="sprites/bonus/trust.png" width="200" height="200" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"/>
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<b>Interactive:</b>
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<a target="_blank" href="http://ncase.me/trust/">
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The Evolution of Trust</a> by Nicky Case (me) (2017).
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A game about the game theory of how cooperation is built... or destroyed.
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<br>
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<img src="sprites/bonus/polygons.png" width="200" height="200" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"/>
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<b>Interactive:</b>
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<a target="_blank" href="http://ncase.me/polygons/">
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Parable of the Polygons</a> by Vi Hart and Nicky Case (also me) (2014).
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A story about how harmless choices can create a harmful world.
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<br>
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<img src="sprites/bonus/ee.png" width="200" height="200" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"/>
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|
|
Or, if you just want to see a whole gallery of interactive edu-things, here's
|
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|
|
<a target="_blank" href="http://explorabl.es/">
|
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|
|
Explorable Explanations</a>,
|
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|
|
|
a hub for learning through play!
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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</div>
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</bonus>
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<!-- - - - - - - -->
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<!-- REFERENCES -->
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<!-- - - - - - - -->
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<!--
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Final thing! These references also need you to TRANSLATE:
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-->
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<reference id="drunk">
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<h3>
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“virtually all [college] students reported that their friends drank more than they did.”
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</h3>
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<div>
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1758185">
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“Biases in the perception of drinking norms among college students”</a> by Baer et al (1991)
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</div>
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</reference>
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<reference id="majority">
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<h3>
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“The Majority Illusion”
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</h3>
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<div>
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<a target="_blank" href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0147617">
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“The Majority Illusion in Social Networks”</a> by Lerman et al (2016).
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<br>
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Related: <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendship_paradox">
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The Friendship Paradox</a>.
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</div>
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</reference>
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<reference id="contagion">
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<h3>
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“strong statistical evidence that
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smoking, health, happiness, voting patterns, and cooperation levels
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are all contagious”
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</h3>
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<div>
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From Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler's
|
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|
wonderfully-written, layperson-accessible book,
|
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|
<a target="_blank" href="http://www.connectedthebook.com/">
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Connected</a> (2009).
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</div>
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</reference>
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<reference id="suicides">
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<h3>
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“some evidence that suicides are [contagious], too”
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</h3>
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<div>
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<a target="_blank" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/42000514?seq=4#page_scan_tab_contents">
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|
“Suicide Contagion and the Reporting of Suicide: Recommendations from a National Workshop”</a>
|
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by O'Carroll et al (1994), endorsed by the frickin' Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC).
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</div>
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</reference>
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<reference id="shootings">
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<h3>
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|
“some evidence that mass shootings are [contagious], too”
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</h3>
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<div>
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<a target="_blank" href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0117259">
|
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|
“Contagion in Mass Killings and School Shootings”</a> by Towers et al (2015).
|
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|
<br><br>
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Also see: the
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|
<a target="_blank" href="http://www.dontnamethem.org/">
|
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|
|
|
Don't Name Them</a> campaign,
|
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|
|
which urges that news outlets <i>DO NOT</i> air mass murderers' names, manifestos, and social media feeds.
|
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|
|
This spreads the contagion.
|
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|
Instead, news outlets should focus on the victims, first responders, civilian heroes,
|
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|
and the grieving, healing community.
|
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</div>
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</reference>
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<reference id="subprime">
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<h3>
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|
“The world's financial institutions fell for such a cascade in 2008.”
|
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</h3>
|
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<div>
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|
|
<a target="_blank" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/63023/wall-streets-lemmings">
|
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|
|
“Lemmings of Wall Street”</a> by Cass Sunstein, is a quick, non-technical read.
|
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|
|
Published in Oct 2008, right in the wake of the crash.
|
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|
</div>
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</reference>
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<reference id="complex">
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<h3>
|
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|
|
|
|
“the complex contagion theory.”
|
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</h3>
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<div>
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|
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.unc.edu/~fbaum/teaching/articles/Granovetter_AJS_1978.pdf">
|
|
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|
|
“Threshold Models of Collective Behavior”</a> by Granovetter (1978)
|
|
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|
|
|
was the first time, as far as I know, anyone described a "complex contagion" model.
|
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|
|
(although he didn't use that specific name)
|
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<br><br>
|
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|
|
<a target="_blank" href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0180802">
|
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|
|
“Evidence for complex contagion models of social contagion from observational data”</a>
|
|
|
|
|
|
by Sprague & House (2017)
|
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|
|
shows that complex contagions do, in fact, exist. (at least, in the social media data they looked at)
|
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|
|
<br><br>
|
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|
Finally,
|
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|
|
<a target="_blank" href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0403699.pdf">
|
|
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|
|
“Universal behavior in a generalized model of contagion”</a> by Dodds & Watts (2004)
|
|
|
|
|
|
proposes a model that unifies <i>all</i> kinds of contagions:
|
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|
|
simple and complex, biological and social!
|
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</div>
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</reference>
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|
<reference id="possum">
|
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|
|
<h3>
|
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|
|
“the possum has 13 nipples”
|
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|
</h3>
|
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|
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<div>
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|
arranged in a ring of 12 nipples, plus one in the middle
|
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</div>
|
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</reference>
|
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|
<reference id="groupthink">
|
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|
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|
|
<h3>
|
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|
|
|
|
“groupthink”
|
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|
</h3>
|
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|
|
<div>
|
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|
|
|
This Orwell-inspired phrase was coined by Irving L. Janis in 1971.
|
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|
|
|
<a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100401033524/http://apps.olin.wustl.edu/faculty/macdonald/GroupThink.pdf">
|
|
|
|
|
|
In his original article</a>,
|
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|
|
Janis investigates cases of groupthink, lists its causes, and — thankfully —
|
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|
|
some possible remedies.
|
|
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|
|
</div>
|
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|
</reference>
|
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|
|
<reference id="social_capital">
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>
|
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|
|
|
|
“bonding and bridging social capital”
|
|
|
|
|
|
</h3>
|
|
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|
|
<div>
|
|
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|
|
|
These two types of social capital — "bonding" and "bridging" —
|
|
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|
|
|
were named by Robert Putnam in his insightful 2000 book,
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a target="_blank" href="http://bowlingalone.com/">
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bowling Alone</a>. His discovery:
|
|
|
|
|
|
across almost <i>all</i> empircal measures of social connectiveness,
|
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|
|
|
|
Americans are more alone than ever.
|
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|
|
Golly.
|
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|
</div>
|
|
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</reference>
|
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|
<reference id="bridge">
|
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|
|
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|
|
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|
|
<h3>
|
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|
|
|
“bridging social capital has a sweet spot”
|
|
|
|
|
|
</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a target="_blank" href="https://sociology.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/publications/the_strength_of_weak_ties_and_exch_w-gans.pdf">
|
|
|
|
|
|
“The Strength of Weak Ties”</a> by Granovetter (1973)
|
|
|
|
|
|
showed that connections across groups helps spread simple contagions (like information),
|
|
|
|
|
|
but
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a target="_blank" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/521848?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents">
|
|
|
|
|
|
“Complex Contagions and the Weakness of Long Ties”</a> by Centola & Macy (2007)
|
|
|
|
|
|
showed that connections across groups may not help complex contagions,
|
|
|
|
|
|
and it fact, can hurt their spread!
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
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|
|
</reference>
|
|
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|
|
<reference id="small_world">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>
|
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|
|
|
|
“the small world network”
|
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|
|
|
|
</h3>
|
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|
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|
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|
|
<div>
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The idea of the "small world" was popularized by
|
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|
|
|
<a target="_blank" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2786545">Travers & Milgram's 1969 experiment</a>,
|
|
|
|
|
|
which showed that, on average, any two random people in the United States
|
|
|
|
|
|
were just six friendships apart — "six degrees of separation"!
|
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|
|
<br><br>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The small-world network got more mathematical meat on its bones with
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a target="_blank" href="http://leonidzhukov.net/hse/2014/socialnetworks/papers/watts-collective_dynamics-nature_1998.pdf">
|
|
|
|
|
|
“Collective dynamics of small-world networks”</a> by Watts & Strogatz (1998),
|
|
|
|
|
|
which proposed an algorithm for creating networks
|
|
|
|
|
|
with both low average path length (low degree of separation)
|
|
|
|
|
|
and high clustering (friends have lots of mutual friends) —
|
|
|
|
|
|
that is, a network that hits the sweet spot!
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
<br><br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
You can also play with
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a target="_blank" href="http://worrydream.com/ScientificCommunicationAsSequentialArt/">
|
|
|
|
|
|
the visual, interactive adaptation of that paper</a> by Bret Victor (2011).
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
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|
</reference>
|
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|
|
<reference id="swn_neurons">
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
<h3>
|
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|
|
|
|
“[small world networks] describe how our neurons are connected”
|
|
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|
|
|
</h3>
|
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|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
|
<div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17079517">
|
|
|
|
|
|
“Small-world brain networks”</a> by Bassett & Bullmore (2006).
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
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|
|
</reference>
|
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|
|
<reference id="swn_creativity">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
“[small world networks] give rise to collective creativity”
|
|
|
|
|
|
</h3>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a target="_blank" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/432782?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents">
|
|
|
|
|
|
“Collaboration and Creativity: The Small World Problem”</a> by Uzzi & Spiro (2005).
|
|
|
|
|
|
This paper analyzed the social network of the Broadway scene over time,
|
|
|
|
|
|
and discovered that, yup, the network's most creative when it's a "small world" network!
|
|
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|
|
|
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|
|
</div>
|
|
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|
|
|
</reference>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<reference id="swn_social_physics">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<h3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
“[small world networks] give rise to collective problem-solving”
|
|
|
|
|
|
</h3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
See
|
|
|
|
|
|
<a target="_blank" href="http://socialphysics.media.mit.edu/">
|
|
|
|
|
|
“Social Physics”</a> by MIT Professor Alex "Sandy" Pentland (2014)
|
|
|
|
|
|
for a data-based approach to collective intelligence.
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</reference>
|
|
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|
|
|
<reference id="swn_jfk">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h3>
|
|
|
|
|
|
“[small world networks] helped John F. Kennedy (barely) avoid nuclear war!”
|
|
|
|
|
|
</h3>
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Besides the NASA Challenger explosion, the most notorious example of groupthink
|
|
|
|
|
|
was the Bay of Pigs fiasco.
|
|
|
|
|
|
In 1961, US President John F. Kennedy and his team of advisors thought
|
|
|
|
|
|
— for some reason —
|
|
|
|
|
|
it would be a good idea to secretly invade Cuba and overthrow Fidel Castro.
|
|
|
|
|
|
They failed.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Actually, worse than failed: it led to the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962,
|
|
|
|
|
|
<i>the closest the world had ever been to full-scale nuclear war.</i>
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
<br><br>
|
|
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Yup, JFK really screwed up on that one.
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<br><br>
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But, having learnt some hard lessons from the Bay of Pigs fiasco,
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JFK re-organized his team to avoid groupthink.
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Among many things, he:
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1) actively encouraged people to voice criticism,
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thus lowering the "contagion threshold" for alternate ideas.
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And
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2) he broke his team up into sub-groups before reconvening,
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which gave their group a "small world network"-like design!
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Together, this arrangement allowed for a healthy diversity of opinion,
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but without being too fractured — a wisdom of crowds.
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<br><br>
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And so, with the same <i>individuals</i> who decided the Bay of Pigs,
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but re-arranged <i>collectively</i> to decide on the Cuban Missile Crisis...
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JFK's team was able to reach a peaceful agreement with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev.
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The Soviets would remove their missiles from Cuba, and in return,
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the US would promise not to invade Cuba again.
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(and also agreed, in secret, to remove the US missiles from Turkey)
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<br><br>
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And that's the story of how all of humanity almost died.
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But a small world network saved the day! Sort of.
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<br><br>
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You can read more about this
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<a target="_blank" href="https://hbr.org/2013/11/how-john-f-kennedy-changed-decision-making">
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on Harvard Business Review</a>,
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or from
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<a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100401033524/http://apps.olin.wustl.edu/faculty/macdonald/GroupThink.pdf">
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the original article on groupthink</a>.
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</div>
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</reference>
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<reference id="three_degrees">
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<h3>
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“we influence [...] our friends' friends' friends!”
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</h3>
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<div>
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Again, from Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler's
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wonderful book,
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<a target="_blank" href="http://www.connectedthebook.com/">
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Connected</a> (2009).
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</div>
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</reference>
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<reference id="flatter">
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<h3>
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“be skeptical of ideas that flatter you”
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</h3>
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<div>
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yes, including the ideas in <i>this</i> explorable explanation.
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</div>
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</reference>
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<reference id="sandbox">
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<h3>
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★ Sandbox Mode ★
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</h3>
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<div>
|
2018-04-27 19:34:19 +00:00
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The keyboard shortcuts (1, 2, space, backspace)
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2018-04-27 16:24:41 +00:00
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work in <i>all</i> the puzzles, not just Sandbox Mode!
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Seriously, you can go back to a different chapter,
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and edit the simulation right there.
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In fact, that's how <i>I</i> created all these puzzles. Have fun!
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</div>
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</reference>
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<reference id="supporters" hidden=yes large=yes>
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<div>
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To
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.patreon.com/ncase">my supporters on Patreon</a>:
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I'm deeply grateful.
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Your generosity <i>literally</i> feeds me and pays my rent,
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and grants me the creative freedom to make these weird math/social-science games.
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From the bottom of my heart, thank you!
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</div>
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</reference>
|
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<reference id="playtesters" hidden=yes large=yes>
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<div>
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Thank you, everyone who playtested <i>Crowds</i>
|
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during its many stages of life!
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<br><br>
|
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<b>The Prototype:</b>
|
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<br>
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Maria ·
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Monica Srivastava
|
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<br><br>
|
|
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|
|
<b>The Alpha:</b>
|
|
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|
<br>
|
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|
|
Glen Chiacchieri ·
|
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|
Kalli Repzeti ·
|
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Mali Akmanalp ·
|
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|
Toph Tucker
|
|
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|
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<br><br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<b>The Beta:</b>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alex Dytrych ·
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amit Patel ·
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cassandra McClure ·
|
|
|
|
|
|
Catherine Ray ·
|
|
|
|
|
|
Josh Comeau ·
|
|
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|
|
|
Kayle Sawyer ·
|
|
|
|
|
|
Matthew Conlen ·
|
|
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|
|
Srini Kadamati ·
|
|
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|
|
Vanessa Shen ·
|
|
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|
|
Wick Perry
|
|
|
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|
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|
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|
|
</div>
|
|
|
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|
|
</reference>
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
And that's it! That's the last of what needed to a TRANSLATE
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thank you so, so much for doing this again, wow.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Finally, go to "translations.txt" and follow the instructions there,
|
|
|
|
|
|
in order to let this game "know" your translation exists.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
-->
|
