2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<html>
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<head>
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<meta charset="UTF-8">
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<title>An Interactive Comic</title>
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2018-10-17 15:37:43 +00:00
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<!--
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TODO: Active recall vs passive re-read -->
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2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
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<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="css/comic.css"/>
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</head>
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<body>
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2018-10-10 19:46:46 +00:00
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<div class="comic">
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2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
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<!-- - - - - - - - - - - - -->
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<!-- THE SCIENCE of SRS - - -->
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<!-- - - - - - - - - - - - -->
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<panel w=600 h=90>
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<words w=600 x=-15 no-bg>
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(<b>This is a work-in-progress!</b>
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Please don't share yet.
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<br>
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Let me know your honest feedback, thanks!)
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</words>
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</panel>
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<!-- Part I: Decay -->
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<panel w=500 h=450>
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<pic src="pics/sci0.png" sx=0 sy=0></pic>
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<words x=10 y=10 w=400 h=60>
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In 1885, Hermann Ebbinghaus performed an act of scientific masochism.
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</words>
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<words x=30 y=320 w=430 h=90>
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The German psychologist memorized <i>thousands</i> of nonsense words,
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recorded how much he forgot over time, and discovered...
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</words>
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</panel>
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<panel w=400 h=500>
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<pic src="pics/sci0.png" sx=500 sy=0></pic>
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<words x=60 y=10 w=250>
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<b>THE FORGETTING CURVE</b>
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</words>
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<words x=10 y=310 w=350>
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He found that you forget most of what you learn in the first 24 hours,
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then – if you don’t practice recall – your remaining memories decay exponentially.
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</words>
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</panel>
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<panel w=500 h=450>
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<pic src="pics/sci0.png" sx=900 sy=0></pic>
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<words x=10 y=10 w=400 h=60>
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Since then, Ebbinghaus’s findings have been replicated again and again–
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</words>
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<words x=60 y=350 w=400 h=60>
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–and grew into a whole new scientific field of memory!
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</words>
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</panel>
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<panel w=600 h=80>
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<words w=600 x=-15 no-bg>
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Here’s a playable simulation of the Forgetting Curve.
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2018-10-16 16:10:00 +00:00
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<b>Change the rate of memory decay. What happens to the curve?</b>
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2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
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</words>
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</panel>
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<panel w=600 h=370>
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2018-09-26 19:59:45 +00:00
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<sim x=0 y=0 w=600 h=370 src="sims/ebbinghaus/?mode=0"></sim>
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2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
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</panel>
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<!-- Part II: Reminder -->
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<panel w=600 h=90>
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<words w=600 x=-15 no-bg>
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As you can see, the less the decay, the flatter the curve –
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that is, the longer the memory lasts.
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</words>
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</panel>
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<panel w=400 h=400>
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<pic src="pics/sci0.png" sx=0 sy=500></pic>
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<words x=10 y=10 w=300>
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How fast a person’s memory decays depends on the person and the memory...
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</words>
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</panel>
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<panel w=400 h=400>
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<pic src="pics/sci0.png" sx=400 sy=500></pic>
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<words x=10 y=10 w=300>
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But, in general, a memory’s “rate of decay” slows down each time you <b>actively recall</b> it.
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</words>
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</panel>
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<panel w=400 h=400>
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<pic src="pics/sci0.png" sx=800 sy=500></pic>
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<words x=10 y=10 w=300>
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(although, when you stop practicing, it still decays.)
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</words>
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</panel>
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<panel w=600 h=120>
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<words w=600 x=-15 no-bg>
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Here’s the simulation again, with a single active recall session.
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<br>
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(grey line: what memory would've been <i>without</i> the recall)
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<br>
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2018-10-16 16:10:00 +00:00
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<b>Change the recall timing to see how it affects the curve:</b>
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2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
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</words>
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</panel>
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<panel w=600 h=400>
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2018-09-26 19:59:45 +00:00
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<sim x=0 y=0 w=600 h=400 src="sims/ebbinghaus/?mode=1"></sim>
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2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
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</panel>
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<!-- Part III: Desirable Difficulty -->
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<panel w=600 h=90>
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<words w=600 x=-15 no-bg>
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A single recall boosts memory for a bit... but in the long run,
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due to exponential decay of memory, a single recall changes nothing.
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</words>
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</panel>
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<panel w=450 h=400>
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<pic src="pics/sci1.png" sx=0 sy=0></pic>
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<words x=10 y=10 w=390>
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Is there a better way to learn?
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There is! The trick to remembering...
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</words>
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<words x=210 y=330 w=200>
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2018-10-16 16:10:00 +00:00
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...<i>is to almost forget.</i>
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2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
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</words>
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</panel>
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<panel w=500 h=300>
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<pic src="pics/sci1.png" sx=450 sy=0></pic>
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<words x=250 y=20 w=200>
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To understand this, think about training your muscles.
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You’ll gain nothing with a weight that’s too easy...
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</words>
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</panel>
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<panel w=500 h=300>
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<pic src="pics/sci1.png" sx=450 sy=300></pic>
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<words x=250 y=20 w=200>
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...nor one that’s too hard.
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</words>
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</panel>
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<panel w=350 h=350>
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<pic src="pics/sci1.png" sx=950 sy=0></pic>
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<words x=10 y=10 w=300>
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The same’s true of training your brain.
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You need <b>desirable difficulty</b>: the sweet spot of just-hard-enough.
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</words>
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</panel>
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<panel w=450 h=400>
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<pic src="pics/sci1.png" sx=0 sy=400></pic>
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<words x=10 y=10 w=360>
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Therefore: to best learn something, you need to recall it...
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</words>
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<words x=60 y=330 w=350>
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...<i>just as you’re about to forget it.</i>
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</words>
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</panel>
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<panel w=600 h=120>
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<words w=600 x=-15 no-bg>
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Same simulation as before, but now it shows the <span style="background:#ffe866">sweet spot</span> –
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where you’ve forgotten <i>just a little bit.</i>
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2018-10-17 20:09:50 +00:00
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<b>Put the recall in the <i>middle</i> of the sweet spot. What happens?</b>
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2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
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</words>
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</panel>
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<panel w=600 h=400>
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2018-09-26 19:59:45 +00:00
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<sim x=0 y=0 w=600 h=400 src="sims/ebbinghaus/?mode=2"></sim>
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2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
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</panel>
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<!-- Part IV: Bigger and Bigger spaces -->
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<panel w=600 h=90>
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<words w=600 x=-15 no-bg>
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2018-10-17 20:09:50 +00:00
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See? If you time a recall so that it's right in the sweet spot,
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you can slow the decay by a lot!
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2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
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Now, what about <i>multiple</i> recalls?
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</words>
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</panel>
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<panel w=500 h=450>
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<pic src="pics/sci2.png" sx=0 sy=0></pic>
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<words x=10 y=10 w=430>
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Let’s say you’re
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<span style="text-decoration:line-through;">lazy</span>
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time-efficient, so you’re only doing 4 recall sessions.
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</words>
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<words x=30 y=350 w=430>
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Question:
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<i>what’s the best way to spread out your recalls?</i>
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</words>
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</panel>
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<panel w=500 h=350>
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<pic src="pics/sci2.png" sx=500 sy=0></pic>
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<words x=10 y=10 w=190>
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Should you have evenly spaced gaps?
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Gaps of increasing length?
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Gaps of decreasing length?
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Or make it unpredictable, to keep you on your toes?
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</words>
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</panel>
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<panel w=400 h=90>
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<words h=90>
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<b>Give it your best guess</b>,
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then when you’re ready, <b>flip the card over ↓</b>
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</words>
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</panel>
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2018-10-16 16:10:00 +00:00
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<!-- TODO: SAY again, guess THEN flip -->
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2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
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<panel w=600 h=300 bg="#e0e0e0">
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2018-09-26 19:59:45 +00:00
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<sim x=80 y=0 w=440 h=300 src="sims/singlecard/?card=guessgap"></sim>
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2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
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</panel>
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<panel fadeInOn="flip_guessgap" w=600 h=120>
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<words w=600 x=-15 y=0 no-bg>
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Which is very counter-intuitive!
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You can prove to yourself this is true, by playing with the sim below.
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<b>
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2018-10-17 20:09:50 +00:00
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Get all recalls into the <i>middle</i> of the <span style="background:#ffe866">sweet spot</span>.
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2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
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What spacing do you get?
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</b>
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</words>
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</panel>
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2018-10-17 20:09:50 +00:00
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<panel w=600 h=520>
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<sim x=0 y=0 w=600 h=520 src="sims/ebbinghaus/?mode=3"></sim>
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2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
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</panel>
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<!-- Part V: Sandbox -->
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<panel w=600 h=120>
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<words w=600 x=-15 no-bg>
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(To prove this isn't a fluke,
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here’s a sim where you can change
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the initial memory decay & sweet spot.
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Note how, in all but the extreme cases,
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the best schedule is still “increasing gaps”!)
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</words>
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</panel>
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2018-10-17 20:09:50 +00:00
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<panel w=600 h=570>
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<sim x=0 y=0 w=600 h=570 src="sims/ebbinghaus/?mode=4"></sim>
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2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
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</panel>
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<!-- Part VI: And now, in practice... -->
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<panel w=350 h=500>
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<pic src="pics/sci2.png" sx=0 sy=450></pic>
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<words x=10 y=10 w=300>
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Why <i>must</i> the gaps increase?
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Because: each time you do a recall at the sweet spot of forgetting,
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the memory’s decay slows down...
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</words>
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<words x=10 y=400 w=300>
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2018-10-15 18:47:58 +00:00
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...meaning it’ll take <i>longer</i>
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2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
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to hit the sweet spot next time!
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</words>
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</panel>
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<panel w=500 h=500>
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<pic src="pics/sci2.png" sx=350 sy=450></pic>
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<words x=10 y=10 w=400>
|
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|
|
But you know what’s sweeter?
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This also means if you time your recalls just right...
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</words>
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<words x=60 y=400 w=400>
|
|
|
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|
|
...you can easily keep <i>any number</i> of things in your long-term memory,
|
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|
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<i>FOREVER.</i>
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</words>
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</panel>
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<panel w=250 h=250>
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<pic src="pics/sci2.png" sx=850 sy=450></pic>
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</panel>
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<panel w=600 h=90>
|
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|
<words w=600 x=-15 no-bg>
|
|
|
|
|
|
And speaking of doing active recall in order to learn,
|
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|
|
let's do some active recall on what we just learnt:
|
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</words>
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</panel>
|
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<panel w=600 h=400 bg="#e0e0e0">
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|
<sim x=0 y=0 w=600 h=400 src="sims/multicard/?cards=sci_a,sci_b,sci_c"></sim>
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</panel>
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<panel w=400 h=400>
|
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|
|
<pic src="pics/sci2.png" sx=0 sy=950></pic>
|
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|
|
<words x=50 y=20 w=300 bg=none>
|
|
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|
|
Anyway, this all sounds great,
|
|
|
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|
|
but finding the optimal schedule must be impossible, right?
|
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|
</words>
|
|
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|
|
</panel>
|
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|
<panel w=400 h=400>
|
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|
|
<pic src="pics/sci2.png" sx=400 sy=950></pic>
|
|
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|
|
<words x=50 y=30 w=300 bg=none>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<i>Au contraire!</i>
|
|
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|
|
It’s so simple, you can even create your own automatic scheduler...
|
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|
|
</words>
|
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|
</panel>
|
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|
<panel w=400 h=400>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<pic src="pics/sci2.png" sx=800 sy=950></pic>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<words x=30 y=30 w=200 bg=none>
|
|
|
|
|
|
...using a <i>shoebox.</i>
|
|
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|
|
</words>
|
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|
|
</panel>
|
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|
|
<panel w=600 h=500>
|
|
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|
|
<words w=600 x=-15 no-bg>
|
|
|
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|
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|
|
|
|
<b>[END OF PROTOTYPE]</b>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br><br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sorry for the cliffhanger!
|
|
|
|
|
|
The rest of this comic would show you how to make a <b>Leitner Box</b>,
|
|
|
|
|
|
tell you about other digital <b>spaced repetition systems</b> like <b>Anki</b>,
|
|
|
|
|
|
and finally, help you get started using spaced repetition <i>today!</i>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br><br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(And every once in a while, it'll use flashcards to get you
|
|
|
|
|
|
to actively recall what you just learnt. I'll use spaced repetition
|
|
|
|
|
|
to teach you <i>about</i> spaced repetition!)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br><br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Anyway, please let me know your <i>honest</i> feedback so far!
|
|
|
|
|
|
Early feedback helps me a lot. Many thanks in advance!
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br><br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<3,
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br>~ Nicky
|
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|
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|
|
</words>
|
|
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|
|
</panel>
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- SIMULATION LABELS -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div id="labels">
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Ebbinghaus -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span id="ebbinghaus_y_axis">
|
2018-10-16 14:41:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
strength of memory →
|
2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span id="ebbinghaus_x_axis">
|
|
|
|
|
|
time →
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span id="ebbinghaus_decay">
|
|
|
|
|
|
decay:
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span id="ebbinghaus_forgetting">
|
|
|
|
|
|
sweet spot:
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
2018-10-16 14:41:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<span id="ebbinghaus_recall">
|
|
|
|
|
|
timing of recall:
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<span id="ebbinghaus_recalls">
|
2018-10-16 14:41:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
timing of recalls:
|
2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span id="ebbinghaus_auto">
|
|
|
|
|
|
auto-optimize!
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Flashcards -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span id="flashcard_guessgap_front">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="fcard_center" style="height:2.5em">
|
|
|
|
|
|
the best way to space out your recalls is...
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span id="flashcard_guessgap_back">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="fcard_bg" src="pics/fcards0.png" sx=0 sy=0></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="fcard_center" style="height:2.5em">
|
|
|
|
|
|
...with <i>increasing</i> gaps!
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Flashcards -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span id="flashcard_sci_a_front">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="fcard_center" style="height:2.5em">
|
|
|
|
|
|
The discoverer of the Forgetting Curve was...
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span id="flashcard_sci_a_back">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="fcard_bg" src="pics/fcards0.png" sx=400 sy=0></div>
|
2018-10-16 14:41:44 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<div style="position: absolute; width: 250px; top: 60px; left:150px; line-height: 1.1em;">
|
2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
|
|
|
|
Hermann Ebbinghaus
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span id="flashcard_sci_b_front">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="fcard_center" style="height:3.4em">
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Forgetting Curve (<i>without</i> any recalls) looks like...
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span id="flashcard_sci_b_back">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="fcard_bg" src="pics/fcards0.png" sx=0 sy=240></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div style="position: absolute; width: 280px; top: 70px; right: 20px; font-size:20px; line-height: 1.1em;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
(note: it decays quickly, then slowly – "exponential decay")
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span id="flashcard_sci_c_front">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="fcard_center" style="height:3.4em">
|
|
|
|
|
|
The Forgetting Curve (<i>with</i> optimally-spaced recalls) looks like...
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span id="flashcard_sci_c_back">
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div class="fcard_bg" src="pics/fcards0.png" sx=400 sy=240></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<div style="position: absolute; width: 360px; top: 120px; left: 20px; font-size:20px; line-height: 1.1em;">
|
|
|
|
|
|
(note: the gaps between recalls <i>increase</i> in length)
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<!-- Multi Card Labels -->
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span id="multicard_q">
|
|
|
|
|
|
try to recall ↑
|
|
|
|
|
|
then flip ↻
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span id="multicard_cards_left">
|
|
|
|
|
|
(cards left: [N])
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span id="multicard_a">
|
|
|
|
|
|
did you remember this?
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span id="multicard_no">
|
|
|
|
|
|
nah, try again
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span id="multicard_yes">
|
|
|
|
|
|
yup, onwards!
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<span id="multicard_done">
|
|
|
|
|
|
done for now! keep scrolling
|
|
|
|
|
|
<br>
|
|
|
|
|
|
↓
|
|
|
|
|
|
</span>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</body>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
</html>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2018-10-17 20:09:50 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<script src="js/howler.core.min.js"></script>
|
2018-09-18 17:17:42 +00:00
|
|
|
|
<script src="js/minpubsub.src.js"></script>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<script src="js/comic.js"></script>
|
