Finish all but leave a part on small world, and should do some retouch in word
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zh-TW.html
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zh-TW.html
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@ -332,10 +332,9 @@ Also, <b></b> bolds a word/phrase, and <i></i> italicizes a word/phrase.
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<br><br>
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如同牛頓先生在稍後所說: <i>“我可以計算運行於天體
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軌道的運動，
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<br>
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但無法預知人類的瘋狂。”</i>
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如同牛頓先生在稍後所說:
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<i>“我可以計算運行於天體
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軌道的運動，但無法預知人類的瘋狂。”</i>
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<next>咦，糟透了<div class="rarr"></div> </next>
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@ -1137,45 +1136,43 @@ Sorry, not done yet! These Bonus Boxes need you to TRANSLATE, too:
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網絡科學家有很多方法用來模擬“傳染”！出於教育的目的，
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我選了最簡單的一種。
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但，人然有許多其他方式可以嘗試去做:
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但，仍然有許多其他方式可以嘗試去做:
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<br>
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<img src="sprites/bonus/contagion1.png" width="250" height="150" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"/>
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<b>隨機性的傳染</b>.
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Being "exposed" to a contagion doesn't <i>guarantee</i> you'll be infected,
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it only makes it more <i>likely</i>.
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<b>傳染與隨機性</b>.
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“暴露”於傳染之中並不能<i>保證</i>你會被傳染，
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它只能讓你<i>更容易</i>被傳染。
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<br>
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<img src="sprites/bonus/contagion2.png" width="250" height="150" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"/>
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<b>People have different contagion thresholds.</b>
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My simulations pretend that everyone has the same threshold for binge-drinking (50%) or
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volunteering (25%) or misinformation (0%).
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Of course, that's not true in real life, and you could make your sim reflect that.
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<b>人們有著不同的傳染閥值。</b>
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我的模擬情境假設每個人有著同樣閥值對於酗酒(50%)或是志工(25%)或是錯誤訊息(0%)。
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當然，這在現實生活中並不真實，你可以製作你的模擬來反映這些情境。
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<br>
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<img src="sprites/bonus/contagion3.png" width="250" height="150" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"/>
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<b>An ecology of contagions.</b>
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What if there were <i>multiple</i> contagions, with <i>different</i> thresholds?
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For example, a simple "madness" contagion and a complex "wisdom" contagion.
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If someone's infected with madness, can they still be infected with wisdom?
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Or vice versa?
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Can someone be infected with both?
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<b>傳染的生態環境。</b>
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假如現在有<i>複數</i> 個傳染，且存在<i>不同的</i>閥值？
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比如說，有個簡單的“瘋狂”傳染和一個複雜的“智慧”傳染。
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假如有個人被瘋狂所傳染，他們還能夠被智慧傳染嗎？
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反之亦然？
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有沒有人可能會同時被兩者所傳染？
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<br>
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<img src="sprites/bonus/contagion4.png" width="250" height="150" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"/>
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<b>Contagions that mutate and evolve.</b>
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Ideas don't pass perfectly from one person to another the way a virus does.
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Like a game of Telephone, the message gets mutated with each re-telling —
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and sometimes the mutant will be more infectious than the original!
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So, over time, ideas "evolve" to be more catchy, copy-able, contagious.
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<b>傳染的變異與進化。</b>
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人的想法是無法完美像病毒一般從一個人傳遞到另外一個人身上。
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就像傳話遊戲，訊息總是會在每一次重述過程中發生變化。—
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而且有時這些變化甚至比原先的部分更具有傳染性！所以隨著時間流逝，思想會“演化”得更加吸引人，可複製，更具有傳染性。
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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@ -1185,53 +1182,52 @@ Sorry, not done yet! These Bonus Boxes need you to TRANSLATE, too:
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<bonus id="further_reading">
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<h3>
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I wanna learn more! What else can I read and/or play?
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我想要學習更多！還有那些我可以研讀與/或遊戲的？
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</h3>
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<div>
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This explorable explanation was just a springboard for your curiosity,
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so you can dive deeper into a vast pool of knowledge!
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Here's more stuff on networks or social systems:
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這個探索學習僅僅只是讓你產生好奇心的跳板，
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而你可以在知識的領域裡潛入更深！這裡還有一些關於網絡或是社會系統的教材:
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<br><br>
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<img src="sprites/bonus/connected.png" width="200" height="200" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"/>
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<b>Book:</b>
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<b>書目:</b>
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<a target="_blank" href="http://www.connectedthebook.com/">
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Connected</a>
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by Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler (2009).
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An accessible tour of how our networks affect our lives, for good or ill.
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毫無阻礙地瀏覽我們的網絡如何影響著我們的生活，無論好與壞。
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<a target="_blank" href="http://www.connectedthebook.com/pdf/excerpt.pdf">
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Here's an excerpt: Preface & Chapter 1
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這裡是一點書摘: 前言 & 第一章
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</a>
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<br>
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<img src="sprites/bonus/trust.png" width="200" height="200" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"/>
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<b>Interactive:</b>
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<b>互動:</b>
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<a target="_blank" href="http://ncase.me/trust/">
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The Evolution of Trust</a> by Nicky Case (me) (2017).
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A game about the game theory of how cooperation is built... or destroyed.
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信任的演化</a> by Nicky Case (me) (2017).
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一場關於博弈理論的遊戲，展示合作系統如何建立...或是被摧毀。
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<br>
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<img src="sprites/bonus/polygons.png" width="200" height="200" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"/>
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<b>Interactive:</b>
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<b>互動:</b>
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<a target="_blank" href="http://ncase.me/polygons/">
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Parable of the Polygons</a> by Vi Hart and Nicky Case (also me) (2014).
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A story about how harmless choices can create a harmful world.
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多邊形預言</a> by Vi Hart and Nicky Case (also me) (2014).
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一個關於無害選擇如何創造出一個傷害性的世界的故事。
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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<br>
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<img src="sprites/bonus/ee.png" width="200" height="200" style="float:left; margin-right:1em"/>
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Or, if you just want to see a whole gallery of interactive edu-things, here's
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或是，假如你只想看些完整的互動教育項目，這裡有
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<a target="_blank" href="http://explorabl.es/">
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Explorable Explanations</a>,
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a hub for learning through play!
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存放一些遊戲來學習！
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<div style="clear:both"></div>
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@ -1250,55 +1246,53 @@ Final thing! These references also need you to TRANSLATE:
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<reference id="drunk">
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<h3>
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“virtually all [college] students reported that their friends drank more than they did.”
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“實際上，所有的[大學]學生都認為他們朋友喝酒喝得比自己還要瘋狂。”
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</h3>
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<div>
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1758185">
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“Biases in the perception of drinking norms among college students”</a> by Baer et al (1991)
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“大學生集體飲酒行為觀點上的偏見”</a> by Baer et al (1991)
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</div>
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</reference>
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<reference id="majority">
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<h3>
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“The Majority Illusion”
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“多數幻覺”
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</h3>
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<div>
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<a target="_blank" href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0147617">
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“The Majority Illusion in Social Networks”</a> by Lerman et al (2016).
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“社交網絡中的多數幻覺”</a> by Lerman et al (2016).
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<br>
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Related: <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendship_paradox">
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The Friendship Paradox</a>.
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相關連結: <a target="_blank" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendship_paradox">
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矛盾友誼</a>.
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</div>
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</reference>
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<reference id="contagion">
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<h3>
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“strong statistical evidence that
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smoking, health, happiness, voting patterns, and cooperation levels
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are all contagious”
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“強而有力的統計證據顯示，抽煙、健康、幸福、投票模式，與合作層度都是相互傳染的”
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</h3>
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<div>
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From Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler's
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wonderfully-written, layperson-accessible book,
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節錄自 Nicholas Christakis 與 James Fowler's
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一本普通人也看得懂，寫得非常好一書，
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<a target="_blank" href="http://www.connectedthebook.com/">
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Connected</a> (2009).
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連結</a> (2009).
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</div>
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</reference>
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<reference id="suicides">
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<h3>
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“some evidence that suicides are [contagious], too”
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“一些證據表明自殺也是[傳染]”
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</h3>
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<div>
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<a target="_blank" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/42000514?seq=4#page_scan_tab_contents">
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“Suicide Contagion and the Reporting of Suicide: Recommendations from a National Workshop”</a>
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“自殺傳染與自殺的報導: 來自一個國民研討會建議”</a>
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by O'Carroll et al (1994), endorsed by the frickin' Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC).
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</div>
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@ -1306,17 +1300,17 @@ Final thing! These references also need you to TRANSLATE:
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<reference id="shootings">
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<h3>
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“some evidence that mass shootings are [contagious], too”
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“一些證據也顯示大規模槍殺也屬於[傳染]”
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</h3>
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<div>
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<a target="_blank" href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0117259">
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“Contagion in Mass Killings and School Shootings”</a> by Towers et al (2015).
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“大規模槍擊事件和校園槍擊事件中的傳染”</a> by Towers et al (2015).
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<br><br>
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Also see: the
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另見:
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<a target="_blank" href="http://www.dontnamethem.org/">
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Don't Name Them</a> campaign,
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which urges that news outlets <i>DO NOT</i> air mass murderers' names, manifestos, and social media feeds.
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@ -1330,131 +1324,125 @@ Final thing! These references also need you to TRANSLATE:
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<reference id="subprime">
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<h3>
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“The world's financial institutions fell for such a cascade in 2008.”
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“全世界金融機構都在 2008 年的金融危機中倒下”
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</h3>
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<div>
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<a target="_blank" href="https://newrepublic.com/article/63023/wall-streets-lemmings">
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“Lemmings of Wall Street”</a> by Cass Sunstein, is a quick, non-technical read.
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Published in Oct 2008, right in the wake of the crash.
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“華爾街袋鼠”</a> by Cass Sunstein, 是偏適合快讀，且不帶太多技術相關的書。
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Published in Oct 2008, 剛好在危機醒來之時.
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</div>
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</reference>
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<reference id="complex">
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<h3>
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“the complex contagion theory.”
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“複雜的傳染理論。”
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</h3>
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<div>
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<a target="_blank" href="https://www.unc.edu/~fbaum/teaching/articles/Granovetter_AJS_1978.pdf">
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“Threshold Models of Collective Behavior”</a> by Granovetter (1978)
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was the first time, as far as I know, anyone described a "complex contagion" model.
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(although he didn't use that specific name)
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“集體行為與閥值模型”</a> by Granovetter (1978)
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據我所知，這是有史以來第一次有人將騎描述為“複雜傳染”模型。
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(儘管他沒有用到這特定名稱)
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<br><br>
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<a target="_blank" href="http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0180802">
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“Evidence for complex contagion models of social contagion from observational data”</a>
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“從觀察書劇中得到的複雜傳染模型在社交傳染證明”</a>
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by Sprague & House (2017)
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shows that complex contagions do, in fact, exist. (at least, in the social media data they looked at)
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展示複雜傳染實際上是存在的。（至少在作者所調查的社交媒體資料上存在）
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<br><br>
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Finally,
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最後,
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<a target="_blank" href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/cond-mat/0403699.pdf">
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“Universal behavior in a generalized model of contagion”</a> by Dodds & Watts (2004)
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proposes a model that unifies <i>all</i> kinds of contagions:
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simple and complex, biological and social!
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“通用行為在一個傳染的廣義模型”</a> by Dodds & Watts (2004)
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提出一整合<i>所有</i>類型的的傳染模型:
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簡單與複雜，生理畫與社會化！
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</div>
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</reference>
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<reference id="possum">
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<h3>
|
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“the possum has 13 nipples”
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“袋貂有 13 個乳頭”
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</h3>
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<div>
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arranged in a ring of 12 nipples, plus one in the middle
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12 個乳頭排成一個圈圈，多出一個在中間。
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</div>
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</reference>
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<reference id="groupthink">
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<h3>
|
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“groupthink”
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“團體迷思”
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</h3>
|
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|
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<div>
|
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This Orwell-inspired phrase was coined by Irving L. Janis in 1971.
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這是受 Orwell 式說法是在 1971 年由 Irving L. Janis 所創。
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<a target="_blank" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100401033524/http://apps.olin.wustl.edu/faculty/macdonald/GroupThink.pdf">
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In his original article</a>,
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Janis investigates cases of groupthink, lists its causes, and — thankfully —
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some possible remedies.
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在他的原創文章中</a>,
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Janis 調查團體迷思案例，列出成因以及 — 讓人感謝 —
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一些可惜的補救方法。
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</div>
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</reference>
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<reference id="social_capital">
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<h3>
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“bonding and bridging social capital”
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“結合與橋接型的社會資本”
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</h3>
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<div>
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These two types of social capital — "bonding" and "bridging" —
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were named by Robert Putnam in his insightful 2000 book,
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這兩種社會資本型態 — “結合”和“橋接” —
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是由 Robert Putnam 再他 2000 年非常遠見的一本書所命名，
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<a target="_blank" href="http://bowlingalone.com/">
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Bowling Alone</a>. His discovery:
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across almost <i>all</i> empircal measures of social connectiveness,
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Americans are more alone than ever.
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Golly.
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Bowling Alone</a>. 他的發現:
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綜觀 <i>所有的</i> 實證量測社交連接，美國人比以往更加的寂寞。
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我的老天鵝。
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</div>
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</reference>
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<reference id="bridge">
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|
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<h3>
|
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“bridging social capital has a sweet spot”
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“橋接型的社會資本有一個最佳點”
|
||||
</h3>
|
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|
||||
<div>
|
||||
<a target="_blank" href="https://sociology.stanford.edu/sites/default/files/publications/the_strength_of_weak_ties_and_exch_w-gans.pdf">
|
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“The Strength of Weak Ties”</a> by Granovetter (1973)
|
||||
showed that connections across groups helps spread simple contagions (like information),
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but
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“弱連結優勢理論”</a> by Granovetter (1973)
|
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展示不同群體的連結對於簡單傳染的幫助（比如訊息），但是
|
||||
<a target="_blank" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/521848?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents">
|
||||
“Complex Contagions and the Weakness of Long Ties”</a> by Centola & Macy (2007)
|
||||
showed that connections across groups may not help complex contagions,
|
||||
and it fact, can hurt their spread!
|
||||
給了一個推論是不同群體的連接實際上無法幫助複雜傳染，甚至會傷害到他們的傳遞！
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</reference>
|
||||
<reference id="small_world">
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>
|
||||
“the small world network”
|
||||
“小世界網路”
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
|
||||
The idea of the "small world" was popularized by
|
||||
<a target="_blank" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2786545">Travers & Milgram's 1969 experiment</a>,
|
||||
which showed that, on average, any two random people in the United States
|
||||
were just six friendships apart — "six degrees of separation"!
|
||||
“小世界網路"的概念是由
|
||||
<a target="_blank" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/2786545">Travers & Milgram's 1969 實驗</a>，進而的到普及的。
|
||||
這個實驗顯示，平均來說，在美國隨機挑選兩人，他們之間都可能有六個朋友可以聯繫起來 — ”六度分割理論“
|
||||
|
||||
<br><br>
|
||||
|
||||
The small-world network got more mathematical meat on its bones with
|
||||
小世界網路的概念在這篇論文中得到了更多數學證明
|
||||
<a target="_blank" href="http://leonidzhukov.net/hse/2014/socialnetworks/papers/watts-collective_dynamics-nature_1998.pdf">
|
||||
“Collective dynamics of small-world networks”</a> by Watts & Strogatz (1998),
|
||||
which proposed an algorithm for creating networks
|
||||
with both low average path length (low degree of separation)
|
||||
and high clustering (friends have lots of mutual friends) —
|
||||
that is, a network that hits the sweet spot!
|
||||
這篇論文提到一個創造人際網路的演算法，這個算法具備有較短的平均長度（互相隔離程度低）
|
||||
與較高的聚集程度（朋友們彼此間有很多共同好友）— 這就是一個人際網絡的最佳狀態！
|
||||
|
||||
<br><br>
|
||||
|
||||
You can also play with
|
||||
你可以試玩一下
|
||||
<a target="_blank" href="http://worrydream.com/ScientificCommunicationAsSequentialArt/">
|
||||
the visual, interactive adaptation of that paper</a> by Bret Victor (2011).
|
||||
|
||||
|
|
@ -1476,7 +1464,7 @@ Final thing! These references also need you to TRANSLATE:
|
|||
<reference id="swn_creativity">
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>
|
||||
“[small world networks] give rise to collective creativity”
|
||||
“[小世界網絡] 使得集體創造力提升”
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1492,7 +1480,7 @@ Final thing! These references also need you to TRANSLATE:
|
|||
<reference id="swn_social_physics">
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>
|
||||
“[small world networks] give rise to collective problem-solving”
|
||||
“[小世界網路] 使得集體解決問題能力提升”
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1566,37 +1554,35 @@ Final thing! These references also need you to TRANSLATE:
|
|||
<reference id="three_degrees">
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>
|
||||
“we influence [...] our friends' friends' friends!”
|
||||
“我們影響 [...] 朋友的朋友的朋友!”
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
Again, from Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler's
|
||||
wonderful book,
|
||||
再一次, 摘自 Nicholas Christakis 和 James Fowler's
|
||||
完美的一書,
|
||||
<a target="_blank" href="http://www.connectedthebook.com/">
|
||||
Connected</a> (2009).
|
||||
連結</a> (2009).
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</reference>
|
||||
<reference id="flatter">
|
||||
<h3>
|
||||
“be skeptical of ideas that flatter you”
|
||||
“對阿諛奉承保持懷疑”
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
yes, including the ideas in <i>this</i> explorable explanation.
|
||||
是的， 也包含<i>這個</i>探索學習之中話語.
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
</reference>
|
||||
<reference id="sandbox">
|
||||
|
||||
<h3>
|
||||
★ Sandbox Mode ★
|
||||
★ 沙盒模式 ★
|
||||
</h3>
|
||||
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
The keyboard shortcuts (1, 2, space, backspace)
|
||||
work in <i>all</i> the puzzles, not just Sandbox Mode!
|
||||
Seriously, you can go back to a different chapter,
|
||||
and edit the simulation right there.
|
||||
In fact, that's how <i>I</i> created all these puzzles. Have fun!
|
||||
鍵盤快速鍵（1, 2, 空白鍵，後退鍵）在<i>所有的</i>地圖遊戲裡都適用，不僅只在沙盒模式！
|
||||
認真來說，你可以回到前面不同章節，然後編輯那裡的模擬器。
|
||||
其實，這也是<i>我</i>創造所有地圖的方式。祝玩得愉快！
|
||||
</div>
|
||||
|
||||
</reference>
|
||||
|
|
@ -1614,8 +1600,8 @@ Final thing! These references also need you to TRANSLATE:
|
|||
<reference id="playtesters" hidden=yes large=yes>
|
||||
<div>
|
||||
|
||||
Thank you, everyone who playtested <i>Crowds</i>
|
||||
during its many stages of life!
|
||||
謝謝, 在這項目個階段，每位試玩 <i>Crowds</i>
|
||||
的人!
|
||||
|
||||
<br><br>
|
||||
<b>The Prototype:</b>
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue