From a7d89e65e1883b4925517199fb9e7bf578bddb36 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Martin Doucha Date: Sat, 28 Apr 2018 17:46:16 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 01/12] Translate main menu and introduction --- cs.html | 1678 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ css/index.css | 4 +- 2 files changed, 1680 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) create mode 100644 cs.html diff --git a/cs.html b/cs.html new file mode 100644 index 0000000..6014997 --- /dev/null +++ b/cs.html @@ -0,0 +1,1678 @@ + + + + + + + + Moudrost a/nebo šílenství davů + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ + +
+
+
+ + +
+
+
+ + + + + + + + + + +
+ + + + + +
+ +
+ + +
+
načítám...
+
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+ MOUDROST + a/nebo + ŠÍLENSTVÍ +
+ DAVŮ +
+ +
+ + délka hry: 30 minut • autor: Nicky Case, duben 2018
+ + překlad: Martin Doucha • anglický originál --> +
+ + + + + + + + + načítám... + + + + Spustit hru!
+ + + + + + + +

+ + Sir Isaac Newton si myslel, že má pěkně +
+ pod čepicí. Vždyť přece vymyslel teorii gravitace +
+ a infinitezimální počet, takže investování na burze by +
+ pro něj měla být hračka, že? Ale ve zkratce, v roce 1720 +
+ prohrál v burzovním krachu známém jako Jihomořská +
+ bublina 92 milionů korun (v přepočtu na dnešní peníze). + +

+ + Jak pan Newton později řekl: “Umím spočítat pohyb +
+ nebeských těles, ale ne lidské bláznovství.” + + no, to měl smůlu
+ + + + + +
+ + To samozřejmě není jediný +
+ případ, kdy se splašily trhy, instituce +
+ nebo celé demokratické státy — šílenství davů. +
+ Ale vždycky, když skoro ztratíte víru v lidstvo, tak +
+ si najednou všimnete, jak lidé sami organizují záchranu +
+ ostatních při hurikánech, jak komunity společně řeší své +
+ problémy a jak lidé bojují za lepší svět — moudrost davů! + +
+ + Ale proč z některých davů vzejde šílenství, a z jiných moudrost? +
+ Žádná teorie nevysvětluje úplně vše, ale podle mě nám to +
+ pomůže pochopit nový vědní obor, teorie sítí! Jeho hlavní +
+ myšlenka zní: pro pochopení chování davů nejsou +
+ důležití jednotlivci, ale... + + ...jejich vztahy.
+ + + + + + + Let's draw a network! + Each connection represents a friendship between two people: + + + + draw to connect + + + + scratch to   disconnect + + + + + when you're done doodling and playing around, + let's continue
+ + + + + + Now, social connections are for more than just making pretty pictures. + People look to their social connections to understand their world. + For example, people look to their peers to + find out what % of their friends (not counting themselves) are, + say, binge-drinkers. + + + + + Draw/erase connections, and see what happens!
+ + + + cool, got it + + + + However, networks can fool people. + Just like how the earth seems flat because we're on it, + people may get wrong ideas about society because they're in it. + + + +
+ optional extra bonus notes! ↑ +
+
+ ↓ links and references +
+ + + + + + +
+ + For example, a 1991 study showed that + “virtually all [college] students reported that their friends drank more than they did.” + But that seems impossible! + How can that be? + Well, you're about to invent the answer yourself, by drawing a network. + It's time to... + + FOOL EVERYONE
+ + + + + + PUZZLE TIME! +
+ Fool everyone into thinking + the majority of their friends (50% threshold) are binge-drinkers + (even though binge-drinkers are outnumbered 2-to-1!) + + + + FOOLED: + + + out of 9 people + + + Congrats! You manipulated a group of students into believing + in the prevalance of an incredibly unhealthy social norm! Good going! + ...uh. thanks? + + + + + What you just created is called The Majority Illusion, + which also explains why people think their political views are consensus, + or why extremism seems more common than it actually is. + Madness. + + + + But people don't just passively observe others' ideas and behaviors, + they actively copy them. + So now, let's look at something network scientists call... + + “Contagions!”
+ + + + + + + + Let's put aside the "threshold" thing for now. + Below: we have a person with some information. + Some misinformation. "Fake news", as the cool kids say. + And every day, that person spreads the rumor, like a virus, to their friends. + And they spread it to their friends. And so on. +
+ + Start the simulation!
+ (p.s: you can't draw while the sim's running) + + + + + Note: despite the negative name, "contagions" can be good or bad (or neutral or ambiguous). + There's strong statistical evidence that + smoking, health, happiness, voting patterns, and cooperation levels + are all "contagious" -- + and even some evidence that suicides and mass shootings are, too. + + + + well that's depressing
+ + + + Indeed it is. + Anyway, PUZZLE TIME! +
+ Draw a network & run the simulation, + so that everyone gets infected with the "contagion". +
+ (new rule: you can't cut the thick connections) + + + + fan-flipping-tastic
+ + + + This madness-spreading is called an "information cascade". + Mr. Newton fell for such a cascade in 1720. + The world's financial institutions fell for such a cascade in 2008. +

+ However: this simulation is wrong. + Most ideas don't spread like viruses. + For many beliefs and behaviors, you need to be "exposed" to the contagion more than just once + in order to be "infected". + So, network scientists have come up with a new, better way to + describe how ideas/behaviors spread, and they call it... + “Complex Contagions!”
+ + + + + + + Let's bring back "thresholds" and the binge-drinking example! + When you played with this the first time, people didn't change their behavior. + +

+ + Now, let's simulate what happens if people start drinking + when 50%+ of their friends do! + Before you start the sim, ask yourself what you think should happen. + +

+ + Now, run the sim, and see what actually happens!
+ + + + + + + Unlike our earlier "fake news" contagion, + this contagion does not spread to everyone! + The first few people get "infected", because although they're only exposed to one + binge-drinker, that binge-drinker is 50% of their friends. (yeah, they're lonely) + In contrast, the person near the end of the chain did not get "infected", + because while they were exposed to a binge-drinking friend, + they did not pass the 50%+ threshold. + +
+ + The relative % of "infected" friends matters. + That's the difference between the complex contagion theory, + and our naive it-spreads-like-a-virus simple contagion theory. + (you could say "simple contagions" are just contagions with a "more than 0%" infection threshold) + +
+ + However, contagions aren't necessarily bad — + so enough about crowd madness, what about... + ...crowd wisdom? + + + + + + + Here, we have a person who volunteers to... I don't know, + rescue people in hurricanes, or tutor underprivileged kids in their local community, or something cool like that. + Point is, it's a "good" complex contagion. + This time, though, let's say the threshold is only 25% — + people are willing to volunteer, but only if 25% or more of their friends do so, too. + Hey, goodwill needs a bit of social encouragement. + +

+ + ← Get everyone "infected" with the good vibes! + + + + + + + NOTE: Volunteering is just one of many complex contagions! + Others include: voter turnout, lifestyle habits, + challenging your beliefs, + taking time to understand a issue deeply — anything + that needs more than one "exposure". + Complex contagions aren't necessarily wise, + but being wise is a complex contagion. + +
+ + (So what's a real-life simple contagion? + Usually bits of trivia, like, "the possum has 13 nipples") + + + + Now, to really show the power and weirdness of complex contagions, let's revisit... + + ...an earlier puzzle
+ + + + + + Remember this? This time, with a complex contagion , it'll be a bit tougher... +
+ Try to "infect" everyone with complex wisdom!
+ + + + (feel free to just hit 'start' and try as many solutions as you want) + + + + HOT DANG
+ + + + Now, you may think that you just need to keep adding connections to spread any contagion, + "complex" or "simple", good or bad, wise or mad. + But is that really so? Well, let's revisit... + + + ...another earlier puzzle
+ + + + If you hit "start" below, the complex contagion will just spread to everyone. + No surprise there. + But now, let's do the opposite of everything we've done before: + draw a network to prevent the contagion from spreading to everyone!
+ + + + You see? + While more connections will always help the spread of simple ideas, + more connections can hurt the spread of complex ideas! + (makes you wonder about the internet, hm?) + And this isn't just a theoretical problem. This can be a matter of life... + + + + ...or death.
+ + + + + The people at NASA were smart cookies. + I mean, they'd used Newton's theories to get us to the moon. + Anyway, long story short, in 1986, + despite warnings from the engineers, + they launched the Challenger, + which blew up and killed 7 people. + The immediate cause: + it was too cold that morning. + +
+ + The less immediate cause: the managers ignored the engineers' warnings. + Why? Because of groupthink. + When a group is too closely knit, (as they tend to be at the top of institutions) + they become resistant to complex ideas that challenge their beliefs or ego. + +
+ + So, that's how institutions can fall to crowd madness. + But how can we "design" for crowd wisdom? + In short, two words: + + Bonding & Bridging
+ + + + + + + ← Too few connections, and an idea can't spread. +
+ Too many connections, and you get groupthink.
+ + + + + Draw a group that hits the sweet spot: + just connected enough to spread a complex idea! +
+ + + + + Simple enough! + The number of connections within a group is called bonding social capital. + But what about the connections... + ...between groups? + + + + As you may have already guessed, + the number of connections between groups is called + bridging social capital. + This is important, because it helps groups break out of their insular echo chambers! +
+ Build a bridge, to "infect" everyone with complex wisdom: + + + + Like bonding, there's a sweet spot for bridging, too. + (extra challenge: try drawing a bridge so thick that the complex contagion + can't pass through it!) + Now that we know how to "design" connections within and between groups, let's... + ...do BOTH at the same time! + + + + + FINAL PUZZLE! +
+ Draw connections within groups (bonding) and between groups (bridging) + to spread wisdom to the whole crowd: + + + + + Congrats, you've just drawn a very special kind of network! + Networks with the right mix of bonding and bridging + are profoundly important, and they're called... + “Small World Networks”
+ + + + + "Unity without uniformity". "Diversity without division". "E Pluribus Unum: out of many, one". +
+ No matter how it's phrased, + people across times and cultures often arrive at the same piece of wisdom: + + a healthy society needs a sweet spot of bonds within groups + and bridges between groups. + + That is: + + + + Not this... +
+ (because ideas can't spread) + + + nor this... +
+ (because you'll get groupthink) + + + ...but THIS: + + + + Network scientists now have a mathematical definition for this ancient wisdom: + the small world network. + This optimal mix of bonding+bridging describes how + our neurons are connected, + fosters collective creativity + and problem-solving, + and even once helped US President John F. Kennedy (barely) avoid nuclear war! + So, yeah, small worlds are a big deal. + + + + ok, let's wrap this up...
+ + + + + + (pst... wanna know a secret?) + + + + Contagion: + + + simple + + + complex + + + The Contagion's Color: + + + Select a tool... + + + + Draw Network + + + Add Person + + + Add "Infected" + + + Drag Person + + + Delete Person + + + CLEAR IT ALL + + + + (...or, use keyboard shortcuts!) + + + + [1]: Add Person     [2]: Add "Infected" +
+ [Space]: Drag     [Backspace]: Delete + + + + + + +
+ IN CONCLUSION: it's all about... +
+
+ Contagions & Connections +
+ +
+ Contagions: + Like how neurons pass signals in a brain, + people pass beliefs & behaviors in a society. + Not only do we influence our friends, + we also influence our friends' friends, and even our friends' friends' friends! + (“be the change you wanna see in the world” etc etc) + But, like neurons, it's not just signals that matter, it's also... +
+ +
+ Connections: + Too few connections and complex ideas can't spread. + Too many connections and complex ideas get crushed by groupthink. + The trick is to build a small world network, the optimal mix of + bonding and bridging: e pluribus unum. +
+ +
+ (wanna make your own simulations? + check out Sandbox Mode, by clicking the (★) button below!) +
+ +
+ So, what about our question from the very beginning? + Why do some crowds turn to... +
+
+ ...wisdom and/or madness? +
+ + + + + + +
+ + From Newton to NASA to +
+ network science, we've covered a lot here +
+ today. Long story short, the madness of crowds +
+ is not necessarily due to the individual people, but due +
+ to how we're trapped in a network's sticky web. + +
+ + That does NOT mean abandoning personal responsibility, for +
+ we're also the weavers of that web. So, improve your contagions: +
+ be skeptical of ideas that flatter you, spend time understanding +
+ complex ideas. And, improve your connections: bond with similar +
+ folk, but also build bridges across cultural/political divides. + +
+ + We can weave a wise web. Sure, it's harder than doodling +
+ lines on a screen... + + ...but so, so worth it. + + + + + + + “The great triumphs and tragedies of history are caused, + not by people being fundamentally good or fundamentally bad, + but by people being fundamentally people.” + +
+ ~ Neil Gaiman & Terry Pratchett +
+ <3 + + + + + + +
+ + + created by +
+ NICKY CASE
+ + play my other shtuff · + + follow my tweeter + +

+ + + lots of love and thanks to +
+ MY PATREON SUPPORTERS
+ + see names & drawings of supporters · + + see playtesters +
+ + help me make more like this! <3 + +

+ + + ♫ music is + + "Friends 2018" and "Friends 2068" + by Komiku +
+ </> Crowds is + + fully open source + + +
+ + + +
+ + + + + + WIN + + + start simulation + + + reset & re-draw + + + Fan-made translations: + + + + + What the, no fan-made translations exist yet?! + + + (add your own!) + + + + + + + + + + +

+ A quick response to James Surowiecki's The Wisdom of Crowds +

+ +
+ + + + First off, I'm not dissing + + this book. + It's a good book, and Surowiecki was trying to tackle the same question I am: + “why do some crowds turn to madness, or wisdom?” + +

+ + Surowiecki's answer: crowds make good decisions when everybody is as independent as possible. + He gives the story of a county fair, + where the townsfolk were invited to guess the weight of an ox. + Surprisingly, the average of all their guesses was better than any one guess. + But, here's the rub: the people have to guess independently of each other. + Otherwise, + they'd be influenced by earlier incorrect guesses, + and the average answer would be highly skewed. + +

+ + But... I don't think "make everyone as independent as possible" is the full answer. + Even geniuses, who we mischaracterize as the most independent thinkers, + are deeply influenced by others. As Sir Isaac Newton said, + “If I have seen further, it is by standing on the sholders of Giants.” + +

+ + So, which idea is correct? + Does wisdom come from thinking for yourself, or thinking with others? + The answer is: "yes". + +

+ + So that's what I'll try to explain in this explorable explanation: + how to get that sweet spot between independence and interdependence — + that is, how to get a wise crowd. + +
+ + + + +

+ What other kinds of connections are there? +

+ +
+ + For the sake of simplicity, + my simulations pretend that people can only be connected through friendships, + and that all friendships are equal. + But network scientists do consider other ways we can be connected, such as: + +
+
+ + + Directional connections. Alice is the boss of Bob, but Bob is not the boss of Alice. + Carol is the parent of Dave, but Dave is not the parent of Carol. + "Boss" & "parent" are directional relationships: + the relationship only goes one way. + In contrast, "friends" is a bidirectional relationship: + the relationship goes both ways. (well, hopefully) + +
+
+ + + Weighted connections. Elinor and Frankie are mere acquaintances. + George and Harry are Best Friends Forever. + Even though there's a "friendship" connection in both cases, the second one is stronger. + We say that these two connections have different "weights". + +
+
+ + + Just remember: all these simulations are wrong. The same way any map is "wrong". + You see the map on the left? Buildings aren't gray featureless blocks! + Words don't float above the city! However, maps are useful not despite being simplified, + but because they're simplified. Same goes for simulations, or any scientific theory. + Of course they're "wrong" — that's what makes them useful. + +
+ + + + +

+ What other kinds of contagions are there? +

+ +
+ + There are so, so many ways that network scientists can simulate "contagions"! + I picked the simplest one, for educational purposes. + But here's other ways you could do it: + +
+
+ + + Contagions with Randomness. + Being "exposed" to a contagion doesn't guarantee you'll be infected, + it only makes it more likely. + +
+
+ + + People have different contagion thresholds. + My simulations pretend that everyone has the same threshold for binge-drinking (50%) or + volunteering (25%) or misinformation (0%). + Of course, that's not true in real life, and you could make your sim reflect that. + +
+
+ + + An ecology of contagions. + What if there were multiple contagions, with different thresholds? + For example, a simple "madness" contagion and a complex "wisdom" contagion. + If someone's infected with madness, can they still be infected with wisdom? + Or vice versa? + Can someone be infected with both? + +
+
+ + + Contagions that mutate and evolve. + Ideas don't pass perfectly from one person to another the way a virus does. + Like a game of Telephone, the message gets mutated with each re-telling — + and sometimes the mutant will be more infectious than the original! + So, over time, ideas "evolve" to be more catchy, copy-able, contagious. + +
+ +
+ + + + +

+ I wanna learn more! What else can I read and/or play? +

+ +
+ + This explorable explanation was just a springboard for your curiosity, + so you can dive deeper into a vast pool of knowledge! + Here's more stuff on networks or social systems: + +

+ + + Book: + + Connected + by Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler (2009). + An accessible tour of how our networks affect our lives, for good or ill. + + Here's an excerpt: Preface & Chapter 1 + + +
+
+ + + Interactive: + + The Evolution of Trust by Nicky Case (me) (2017). + A game about the game theory of how cooperation is built... or destroyed. + +
+
+ + + Interactive: + + Parable of the Polygons by Vi Hart and Nicky Case (also me) (2014). + A story about how harmless choices can create a harmful world. + +
+
+ + + Or, if you just want to see a whole gallery of interactive edu-things, here's + + Explorable Explanations, + a hub for learning through play! + +
+ +
+ + + + + + + + + + + +

+ “virtually all [college] students reported that their friends drank more than they did.” +

+ +
+ + “Biases in the perception of drinking norms among college students” by Baer et al (1991) +
+ + + + +

+ “The Majority Illusion” +

+ +
+ + “The Majority Illusion in Social Networks” by Lerman et al (2016). +
+ Related: + The Friendship Paradox. +
+ + + +

+ “strong statistical evidence that + smoking, health, happiness, voting patterns, and cooperation levels + are all contagious” +

+ +
+ + From Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler's + wonderfully-written, layperson-accessible book, + + Connected (2009). + +
+ + + +

+ “some evidence that suicides are [contagious], too” +

+ +
+ + “Suicide Contagion and the Reporting of Suicide: Recommendations from a National Workshop” + by O'Carroll et al (1994), endorsed by the frickin' Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC). +
+ + + + +

+ “some evidence that mass shootings are [contagious], too” +

+ +
+ + + “Contagion in Mass Killings and School Shootings” by Towers et al (2015). + +

+ + Also see: the + + Don't Name Them campaign, + which urges that news outlets DO NOT air mass murderers' names, manifestos, and social media feeds. + This spreads the contagion. + Instead, news outlets should focus on the victims, first responders, civilian heroes, + and the grieving, healing community. + +
+ + + + +

+ “The world's financial institutions fell for such a cascade in 2008.” +

+ +
+ + “Lemmings of Wall Street” by Cass Sunstein, is a quick, non-technical read. + Published in Oct 2008, right in the wake of the crash. +
+ + + + +

+ “the complex contagion theory.” +

+ +
+ + + “Threshold Models of Collective Behavior” by Granovetter (1978) + was the first time, as far as I know, anyone described a "complex contagion" model. + (although he didn't use that specific name) + +

+ + + “Evidence for complex contagion models of social contagion from observational data” + by Sprague & House (2017) + shows that complex contagions do, in fact, exist. (at least, in the social media data they looked at) + +

+ + Finally, + + “Universal behavior in a generalized model of contagion” by Dodds & Watts (2004) + proposes a model that unifies all kinds of contagions: + simple and complex, biological and social! + +
+ + + +

+ “the possum has 13 nipples” +

+
+ arranged in a ring of 12 nipples, plus one in the middle +
+ + + +

+ “groupthink” +

+ +
+ This Orwell-inspired phrase was coined by Irving L. Janis in 1971. + + In his original article, + Janis investigates cases of groupthink, lists its causes, and — thankfully — + some possible remedies. +
+ + + + +

+ “bonding and bridging social capital” +

+ +
+ These two types of social capital — "bonding" and "bridging" — + were named by Robert Putnam in his insightful 2000 book, + + Bowling Alone. His discovery: + across almost all empircal measures of social connectiveness, + Americans are more alone than ever. + Golly. +
+ + + + +

+ “bridging social capital has a sweet spot” +

+ +
+ + “The Strength of Weak Ties” by Granovetter (1973) + showed that connections across groups helps spread simple contagions (like information), + but + + “Complex Contagions and the Weakness of Long Ties” by Centola & Macy (2007) + showed that connections across groups may not help complex contagions, + and it fact, can hurt their spread! +
+ + + + +

+ “the small world network” +

+ +
+ + The idea of the "small world" was popularized by + Travers & Milgram's 1969 experiment, + which showed that, on average, any two random people in the United States + were just six friendships apart — "six degrees of separation"! + +

+ + The small-world network got more mathematical meat on its bones with + + “Collective dynamics of small-world networks” by Watts & Strogatz (1998), + which proposed an algorithm for creating networks + with both low average path length (low degree of separation) + and high clustering (friends have lots of mutual friends) — + that is, a network that hits the sweet spot! + +

+ + You can also play with + + the visual, interactive adaptation of that paper by Bret Victor (2011). + +
+ + + + +

+ “[small world networks] describe how our neurons are connected” +

+ +
+ + “Small-world brain networks” by Bassett & Bullmore (2006). +
+ + + + +

+ “[small world networks] give rise to collective creativity” +

+ +
+ + + “Collaboration and Creativity: The Small World Problem” by Uzzi & Spiro (2005). + This paper analyzed the social network of the Broadway scene over time, + and discovered that, yup, the network's most creative when it's a "small world" network! + +
+ + + + +

+ “[small world networks] give rise to collective problem-solving” +

+ +
+ See + + “Social Physics” by MIT Professor Alex "Sandy" Pentland (2014) + for a data-based approach to collective intelligence. +
+ + + + +

+ “[small world networks] helped John F. Kennedy (barely) avoid nuclear war!” +

+ +
+ + Besides the NASA Challenger explosion, the most notorious example of groupthink + was the Bay of Pigs fiasco. + In 1961, US President John F. Kennedy and his team of advisors thought + — for some reason — + it would be a good idea to secretly invade Cuba and overthrow Fidel Castro. + They failed. + Actually, worse than failed: it led to the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, + the closest the world had ever been to full-scale nuclear war. + +

+ + Yup, JFK really screwed up on that one. + +

+ + But, having learnt some hard lessons from the Bay of Pigs fiasco, + JFK re-organized his team to avoid groupthink. + Among many things, he: + 1) actively encouraged people to voice criticism, + thus lowering the "contagion threshold" for alternate ideas. + And + 2) he broke his team up into sub-groups before reconvening, + which gave their group a "small world network"-like design! + Together, this arrangement allowed for a healthy diversity of opinion, + but without being too fractured — a wisdom of crowds. + +

+ + And so, with the same individuals who decided the Bay of Pigs, + but re-arranged collectively to decide on the Cuban Missile Crisis... + JFK's team was able to reach a peaceful agreement with Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev. + The Soviets would remove their missiles from Cuba, and in return, + the US would promise not to invade Cuba again. + (and also agreed, in secret, to remove the US missiles from Turkey) + +

+ + And that's the story of how all of humanity almost died. + But a small world network saved the day! Sort of. + +

+ + You can read more about this + + on Harvard Business Review, + or from + + the original article on groupthink. + +
+ + + + +

+ “we influence [...] our friends' friends' friends!” +

+ +
+ Again, from Nicholas Christakis and James Fowler's + wonderful book, + + Connected (2009). +
+ + + +

+ “be skeptical of ideas that flatter you” +

+
+ yes, including the ideas in this explorable explanation. +
+ + + +

+ ★ Sandbox Mode ★ +

+ +
+ The keyboard shortcuts (1, 2, space, backspace) + work in all the puzzles, not just Sandbox Mode! + Seriously, you can go back to a different chapter, + and edit the simulation right there. + In fact, that's how I created all these puzzles. Have fun! +
+ + + + + + + + diff --git a/css/index.css b/css/index.css index 3ddcd2e..c989442 100644 --- a/css/index.css +++ b/css/index.css @@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ a:hover{ position: absolute; right:10px; bottom:10px; - width: 80px; + width: 150px; height: 25px; font-size: 25px; line-height: 25px; @@ -608,4 +608,4 @@ ref:hover:before{ width: 50%; float: right; shape-outside: polygon(100% 0, 0 0, 40% 4%, 60% 10%, 80% 20%, 90% 28.2%, 95% 34.4%, 100% 50%, 95% 65.6%, 90% 71.8%, 80% 80%, 60% 90%, 40% 96%, 0 100%, 100% 100%); -} \ No newline at end of file +} From 669fd1cfba9c7e30abdfc7bcb7f58f0ddd535485 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Martin Doucha Date: Sun, 29 Apr 2018 12:38:57 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 02/12] Translate chapter 1 --- cs.html | 103 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------- 1 file changed, 51 insertions(+), 52 deletions(-) diff --git a/cs.html b/cs.html index 6014997..5bcd068 100644 --- a/cs.html +++ b/cs.html @@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ it should automatically highlight what the text is (usually in white). délka hry: 30 minut • autor: Nicky Case, duben 2018
- překlad: Martin Doucha • anglický originál --> + překlad: Martin Doucha • original in English @@ -372,55 +372,54 @@ Also, bolds a word/phrase, and italicizes a word/phrase. - Let's draw a network! - Each connection represents a friendship between two people: + Nakreslíme si síť! + Každá čára představuje přátelství mezi dvěma lidmi: - draw to connect + můžete kreslit nová - scratch to   disconnect + a škrtat    existující - when you're done doodling and playing around, - let's continue
+ až si vyhrajete do libosti, + můžeme pokračovat
- Now, social connections are for more than just making pretty pictures. - People look to their social connections to understand their world. - For example, people look to their peers to - find out what % of their friends (not counting themselves) are, - say, binge-drinkers. + Mezilidské vztahy ale představují víc než jen námět pro hezké obrázky. + Lidé vnímají své vztahy jako vzor, aby pochopili okolní svět. + Například lidé mohou sledovat, jak velká část jejich přátel + (sebe nepočítaje) jsou třeba notoričtí pijani. - Draw/erase connections, and see what happens!
+ Přidávejte/mažte vztahy a sledujte, co se stane!
- cool, got it + jasně, už to chápu - However, networks can fool people. - Just like how the earth seems flat because we're on it, - people may get wrong ideas about society because they're in it. + Jenže sítě mohou také klamat lidi. + Podobně jako země vypadá placatá, protože stojíme na ní, + tak lidé mohou získat mylnou představu o společnosti, protože jsou uvnitř.
- optional extra bonus notes! ↑ + bonusové poznámky! (navíc) ↑
-
- ↓ links and references +
+ ↓ odkazy a literatura
@@ -430,52 +429,52 @@ Also, bolds a word/phrase, and italicizes a word/phrase.
- For example, a 1991 study showed that - “virtually all [college] students reported that their friends drank more than they did.” - But that seems impossible! - How can that be? - Well, you're about to invent the answer yourself, by drawing a network. - It's time to... + Například v jedné studii z roku 1991 vyšlo, že + “prakticky všichni [vysokoškolští] studenti uvedli, že jejich přátelé pijí víc než oni sami.” + Ale to přece není možné! + Jak se to mohlo stát? + Ne tak rychle, za chvíli budete kreslit síť, ve které to možné je. + Je čas... - FOOL EVERYONE
+ VŠECHNY OKLAMAT
- PUZZLE TIME! + HLAVOLAM!
- Fool everyone into thinking - the majority of their friends (50% threshold) are binge-drinkers - (even though binge-drinkers are outnumbered 2-to-1!) + Zařiďte, aby si všichni mysleli, + že většina jejich přátel (alespoň 50 %) jsou notoričtí pijani + (přestože jsou pijani v menšině 2 ku 1!) - FOOLED: + OKLAMÁNO: - out of 9 people + z 9 lidí - Congrats! You manipulated a group of students into believing - in the prevalance of an incredibly unhealthy social norm! Good going! - ...uh. thanks? + Gratuluji! Podařilo se vám nakukat skupině studentů, že jeden + extrémně nezdravý zlozvyk je vlastně normální! Skvělá práce! + ...uh. díky? - What you just created is called The Majority Illusion, - which also explains why people think their political views are consensus, - or why extremism seems more common than it actually is. - Madness. + Před chvílí jste vytvořili něco, čemu se říká Iluze většiny, + která také vysvětluje, proč lidé někdy považují své politické názory za obecný + konsensus nebo proč rozsah extremismu vypadá větší, než je ve skutečnosti. + Šílenství. - But people don't just passively observe others' ideas and behaviors, - they actively copy them. - So now, let's look at something network scientists call... + Jenže lidé myšlenky a chování ostatních jen pasivně nesledují, + zároveň je i aktivně napodobují. + Takže teď se podívám na něco, čemu vědci říkají... - “Contagions!”
+ Nakažlivé chování!
@@ -1020,24 +1019,24 @@ Also, bolds a word/phrase, and italicizes a word/phrase. - WIN + HOTOVO - start simulation + spustit simulaci - reset & re-draw + zastavit a upravit - Fan-made translations: + Překlady od fanoušků: - What the, no fan-made translations exist yet?! + Co to? Žádné překlady od fanoušků zatím neexistují?! - (add your own!) + (přidejte nový překlad!) @@ -1052,7 +1051,7 @@ Sorry, not done yet! These Bonus Boxes need you to TRANSLATE, too:

- A quick response to James Surowiecki's The Wisdom of Crowds + Pár slov ke knize The Wisdom of Crowds od Jamese Surowieckého

@@ -1101,7 +1100,7 @@ Sorry, not done yet! These Bonus Boxes need you to TRANSLATE, too:

- What other kinds of connections are there? + Existují také jiné druhy vztahů?

From a29777c53338b995c01be42cf265f507b1731dc7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Martin Doucha Date: Mon, 30 Apr 2018 22:40:35 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 03/12] Translate chapter 2 --- cs.html | 58 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------- 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+), 29 deletions(-) diff --git a/cs.html b/cs.html index 5bcd068..c875ca2 100644 --- a/cs.html +++ b/cs.html @@ -482,56 +482,56 @@ Also, bolds a word/phrase, and italicizes a word/phrase. - Let's put aside the "threshold" thing for now. - Below: we have a person with some information. - Some misinformation. "Fake news", as the cool kids say. - And every day, that person spreads the rumor, like a virus, to their friends. - And they spread it to their friends. And so on. + K procentům skupiny se vrátíme za chvíli. + Teď máme před sebou člověka s jistou informací. + S jistou dezinformací. „Fake news“, jak se tomu teď moderně říká. + A ten člověk tuhle fámu každý den šíří mezi svými přáteli jako virus. + A ti ji pak šíří mezi svými přáteli, a tak dále.
- Start the simulation!
- (p.s: you can't draw while the sim's running) + Pusťte si simulaci!
+ (mimochodem, v průběhu simulace nemůžete kreslit) - Note: despite the negative name, "contagions" can be good or bad (or neutral or ambiguous). - There's strong statistical evidence that - smoking, health, happiness, voting patterns, and cooperation levels - are all "contagious" -- - and even some evidence that suicides and mass shootings are, too. + Poznámka: Přes lehce morbidní název může být „nakažlivé chování“ + dobré i zlé (nebo neutrální, nebo nejednoznačné). + Statistiky jasně dokazují, že + kouření, zdraví, štěstí, volební preference a ochota spolupracovat + vykazují jistou „nakažlivost“ — + a naznačují i nakažlivost sebevražd a masových vražd. - well that's depressing
+ to je hrůza
- Indeed it is. - Anyway, PUZZLE TIME! + To opravdu je. + Ale teď je čas na HLAVOLAM!
- Draw a network & run the simulation, - so that everyone gets infected with the "contagion". + Nakreslete síť a spusťte simulaci, + aby se všichni nakazili novou „myšlenkou“.
- (new rule: you can't cut the thick connections) + (nové pravidlo: silné vztahy nemůžete škrtnout) - fan-flipping-tastic
+ paráda
- This madness-spreading is called an "information cascade". - Mr. Newton fell for such a cascade in 1720. - The world's financial institutions fell for such a cascade in 2008. + Této vlně šílenství se říká „informační kaskáda“. + Pan Newton se v roce 1720 stal obětí podobné kaskády. + Světové finanční instituce podobné kaskádě podlehly v roce 2008.

- However: this simulation is wrong. - Most ideas don't spread like viruses. - For many beliefs and behaviors, you need to be "exposed" to the contagion more than just once - in order to be "infected". - So, network scientists have come up with a new, better way to - describe how ideas/behaviors spread, and they call it... - “Complex Contagions!”
+ ALE: tahle simulace je špatně. + Většina myšlenek se nešíří jako viry. + Obvykle musíte s danou myšlenkou nebo chováním přijít do styku vícekrát, abyste se „nakazili“. + Takže vědci vymysleli přesnější popis, jak se myšlenky a chování + mezi lidmi šíří, kterému budeme říkat… + “Podmíněná nakažlivost!”
From d889ffb0d91544d72d6a4b4687ada419097c19db Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Martin Doucha Date: Tue, 8 May 2018 11:59:03 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 04/12] Translate chapter 3 --- cs.html | 175 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------- 1 file changed, 86 insertions(+), 89 deletions(-) diff --git a/cs.html b/cs.html index c875ca2..edf92c6 100644 --- a/cs.html +++ b/cs.html @@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ Good luck, and thanks again!
6 - 6. Na závěr... + 6. Na závěr…
7 @@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ Good luck, and thanks again!
-
načítám...
+
načítám…
@@ -281,7 +281,7 @@ it should automatically highlight what the text is (usually in white). délka hry: 30 minut • autor: Nicky Case, duben 2018
- překlad: Martin Doucha • original in English + překlad: Martin Doucha • original in English
@@ -291,7 +291,7 @@ it should automatically highlight what the text is (usually in white). - načítám... + načítám… @@ -363,9 +363,9 @@ Also, bolds a word/phrase, and italicizes a word/phrase.
myšlenka zní: pro pochopení chování davů nejsou
- důležití jednotlivci, ale... + důležití jednotlivci, ale… - ...jejich vztahy.
+ …jejich vztahy.
@@ -434,7 +434,7 @@ Also, bolds a word/phrase, and italicizes a word/phrase. Ale to přece není možné! Jak se to mohlo stát? Ne tak rychle, za chvíli budete kreslit síť, ve které to možné je. - Je čas... + Je čas… VŠECHNY OKLAMAT
@@ -458,7 +458,7 @@ Also, bolds a word/phrase, and italicizes a word/phrase. Gratuluji! Podařilo se vám nakukat skupině studentů, že jeden extrémně nezdravý zlozvyk je vlastně normální! Skvělá práce! - ...uh. díky? + …uh. díky? @@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ Also, bolds a word/phrase, and italicizes a word/phrase. Jenže lidé myšlenky a chování ostatních jen pasivně nesledují, zároveň je i aktivně napodobují. - Takže teď se podívám na něco, čemu vědci říkají... + Takže teď se podíváme na něco, čemu vědci říkají… Nakažlivé chování!
@@ -484,7 +484,7 @@ Also, bolds a word/phrase, and italicizes a word/phrase. K procentům skupiny se vrátíme za chvíli. Teď máme před sebou člověka s jistou informací. - S jistou dezinformací. „Fake news“, jak se tomu teď moderně říká. + S jistou dezinformací. „Fake news,“ jak se tomu teď moderně říká. A ten člověk tuhle fámu každý den šíří mezi svými přáteli jako virus. A ti ji pak šíří mezi svými přáteli, a tak dále.
@@ -512,7 +512,7 @@ Also, bolds a word/phrase, and italicizes a word/phrase. Ale teď je čas na HLAVOLAM!
Nakreslete síť a spusťte simulaci, - aby se všichni nakazili novou „myšlenkou“. + aby této „epidemii“ podlehli úplně všichni.
(nové pravidlo: silné vztahy nemůžete škrtnout) @@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ Also, bolds a word/phrase, and italicizes a word/phrase. Této vlně šílenství se říká „informační kaskáda“. - Pan Newton se v roce 1720 stal obětí podobné kaskády. + Pan Newton se v roce 1720 stal obětí právě takové kaskády. Světové finanční instituce podobné kaskádě podlehly v roce 2008.

ALE: tahle simulace je špatně. @@ -538,155 +538,152 @@ Also, bolds a word/phrase, and italicizes a word/phrase. - Let's bring back "thresholds" and the binge-drinking example! - When you played with this the first time, people didn't change their behavior. + Vraťme se zpět k příkladu s počtem pijanů ve skupině. + Minule neměly poměry ve skupině žádný vliv na chování jednotlivců.

- Now, let's simulate what happens if people start drinking - when 50%+ of their friends do! - Before you start the sim, ask yourself what you think should happen. + Teď se podíváme, co se stane, když lidé začnou pít, + pokud pije alespoň 50 % jejich přátel! + Než spustíte simulaci, zkuste se zamyslet, co by se tentokrát mělo stát.

- Now, run the sim, and see what actually happens!
- + Teď spusťte simulaci a sledujte, jak to dopadne!
- Unlike our earlier "fake news" contagion, - this contagion does not spread to everyone! - The first few people get "infected", because although they're only exposed to one - binge-drinker, that binge-drinker is 50% of their friends. (yeah, they're lonely) - In contrast, the person near the end of the chain did not get "infected", - because while they were exposed to a binge-drinking friend, - they did not pass the 50%+ threshold. + Narozdíl od předchozí epidemie „fake news“ se + tentokrát alkoholismem nenakazili všichni! + Prvních několik lidí se „nakazilo“, protože byť se stýkají jen s jedním + pijanem, tenhle pijan představuje polovinu jejich přátel (jsou prostě osamělí). + Naopak člověk těsně před koncem řetězce se nenakazil, protože i když + měl mezi přáteli pijana, jeden na překročení hranice 50 % nestačil.
- The relative % of "infected" friends matters. - That's the difference between the complex contagion theory, - and our naive it-spreads-like-a-virus simple contagion theory. - (you could say "simple contagions" are just contagions with a "more than 0%" infection threshold) + Rozhodující je relativní podíl „nakažených“ přátel. + To je hlavní rozdíl mezi teorií podmíněné nakažlivosti + a předchozí jednoduchou nakažlivostí, která se šíří jako epidemie. + (Dalo by se říci, že „jednoduchá nakažlivost“ znamená minimální hranici pro nakažení „více než 0%“)
- However, contagions aren't necessarily bad — - so enough about crowd madness, what about... - ...crowd wisdom? + Jenže nakažlivé chování nemusí být vždy špatné — + takže dost o šílenství davů, a jak tedy vypadá… + …moudrost davů? - Here, we have a person who volunteers to... I don't know, - rescue people in hurricanes, or tutor underprivileged kids in their local community, or something cool like that. - Point is, it's a "good" complex contagion. - This time, though, let's say the threshold is only 25% — - people are willing to volunteer, but only if 25% or more of their friends do so, too. - Hey, goodwill needs a bit of social encouragement. + Tady máme člověka který pomáhá jako dobrovolník… já nevím, + třeba zachraňovat lidi při hurikánech nebo doučovat sociálně slabé děti z okolí nebo něco podobně ušlechtilého. + Hlavní je, že je to „dobré“ nakažlivé chování. + Tentokrát ale bude hranice pro „nakažení“ jen 25 % — + lidé jsou ochotní pomáhat jako dobrovolníci, ale jen pokud už pomáhá alespoň 25 % jejich přátel. + I dobro potřebuje trochu podpořit.

- ← Get everyone "infected" with the good vibes! + ← „Nakažte“ všechny dobrosrdečností! - NOTE: Volunteering is just one of many complex contagions! - Others include: voter turnout, lifestyle habits, - challenging your beliefs, - taking time to understand a issue deeply — anything - that needs more than one "exposure". - Complex contagions aren't necessarily wise, - but being wise is a complex contagion. + Poznámka: Dobrovolnictví je jen jedno z mnoha podmíněných nakažlivých chování! + Další jsou například chození k volbám, životní styl, otevřenost k jiným názorům, + snaha porozumět problémům do hloubky — cokoliv, + s čím musíte přijít „do styku“ více než jednou. + Podmíněně nakažlivé chování není vždycky moudré, + ale moudrost je podmíněně nakažlivá.
- (So what's a real-life simple contagion? - Usually bits of trivia, like, "the possum has 13 nipples") + (A co je tedy ve skutečnosti jednoduše nakažlivé? + Většinou drobná fakta, třeba že „vačice má 13 bradavek“) - Now, to really show the power and weirdness of complex contagions, let's revisit... + A teď, abyste pořádně viděli sílu a zvláštnosti podmíněné nakažlivosti, vraťme se zpět… - ...an earlier puzzle
+ …k dřívějšímu hlavolamu
- Remember this? This time, with a complex contagion , it'll be a bit tougher... + Pamatujete si tuhle síť? S podmíněnou nakažlivostí to tentokrát bude trochu těžší…
- Try to "infect" everyone with complex wisdom!
+ Zkuste všechny „nakazit“ podmíněnou moudrostí!
- (feel free to just hit 'start' and try as many solutions as you want) + (klidně jen spusťte simulaci a zkoušejte si různá řešení) - HOT DANG
+ NÁDHERA
- Now, you may think that you just need to keep adding connections to spread any contagion, - "complex" or "simple", good or bad, wise or mad. - But is that really so? Well, let's revisit... + Teď Vám možná připadá, že čím více vztahů, tím snadněji se bude nakažlivé chování šířit, + „jednoduché“ i „podmíněné“, dobré i zlé, moudré i bláznivé. + Ale je to vážně pravda? Pojďme se tedy vrátit… - ...another earlier puzzle
+ …k jinému hlavolamu
 - If you hit "start" below, the complex contagion will just spread to everyone. - No surprise there. - But now, let's do the opposite of everything we've done before: - draw a network to prevent the contagion from spreading to everyone!
+ Když teď spustíte simulaci, podmíněně nakažlivé chování ovládne celou síť. + Žádné překvapení. + Tentokrát ale zkusme vyřešit úplně opačný úkol: + nakreslete síť, která zabrání nakažení všech lidí!
- You see? - While more connections will always help the spread of simple ideas, - more connections can hurt the spread of complex ideas! - (makes you wonder about the internet, hm?) - And this isn't just a theoretical problem. This can be a matter of life... + Vidíte? + Více vztahů sice usnadní šíření jednoduchých myšlenek, + ale naopak může zabránit šíření podmíněných myšlenek! + (Na Internetu by to mohl být problém, že?) + A není to jen hypotetický problém. Někdy je to otázka života… - ...or death.
+ …a smrti.
- The people at NASA were smart cookies. - I mean, they'd used Newton's theories to get us to the moon. - Anyway, long story short, in 1986, - despite warnings from the engineers, - they launched the Challenger, - which blew up and killed 7 people. - The immediate cause: - it was too cold that morning. + Lidé v NASA měli pod čepicí. + Vždyť přece s pomocí Newtonových teorií dostali člověka na Měsíc. + Ale ve zkratce, v roce 1986, + navzdory jasnému varování od inženýrů, + vyslali do vesmíru raketoplán Challenger, + který vybuchl a zabil 7 lidí. + Přímá příčina: + Po ránu byla moc velká zima.
- The less immediate cause: the managers ignored the engineers' warnings. - Why? Because of groupthink. - When a group is too closely knit, (as they tend to be at the top of institutions) - they become resistant to complex ideas that challenge their beliefs or ego. + Nepřímá příčina: Manažeři ignorovali varování od inženýrů. + Proč? Kvůli syndromu skupinového myšlení. + Když je skupina stmelená až moc (jak je běžné v nejvyšším vedení různých institucí), + tak členové začnou odmítat podmíněné myšlenky, které zpochybňují jejich názory nebo ego.
- So, that's how institutions can fall to crowd madness. - But how can we "design" for crowd wisdom? - In short, two words: + Takže tak mohou organizace podlehnout davovému šílenství. + A jak tedy vytvořit vhodné podmínky pro moudrost davů? + Odpovědí jsou dvě slova: - Bonding & Bridging
+ Svazky a mosty
@@ -1146,7 +1143,7 @@ Sorry, not done yet! These Bonus Boxes need you to TRANSLATE, too:

- What other kinds of contagions are there? + Existují také další druhy nakažlivého chování?

@@ -1389,16 +1386,16 @@ Final thing! These references also need you to TRANSLATE:

- “the possum has 13 nipples” + „vačice má 13 bradavek“

- arranged in a ring of 12 nipples, plus one in the middle + 12 bradavek uspořádaných do kruhu a jednu uprostřed

- “groupthink” + „Syndrom skupinového myšlení“

From a94b9e6b232db5616d18599a42f5d9f82fadbd2f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Martin Doucha Date: Tue, 8 May 2018 14:25:04 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 05/12] Translate chapter 4 --- cs.html | 40 ++++++++++++++++++++-------------------- 1 file changed, 20 insertions(+), 20 deletions(-) diff --git a/cs.html b/cs.html index edf92c6..ec2989f 100644 --- a/cs.html +++ b/cs.html @@ -690,41 +690,41 @@ Also, bolds a word/phrase, and italicizes a word/phrase. - ← Too few connections, and an idea can't spread. + ← Příliš málo vztahů, a myšlenky se nemohou šířit.
- Too many connections, and you get groupthink.
+ Příliš mnoho vztahů, a vznikne skupinové myšlení.
- Draw a group that hits the sweet spot: - just connected enough to spread a complex idea! + Udělejte kompromis: + Nakreslete síť propojenou tak akorát, aby se podmíněná myšlenka mohla šířit!
- Simple enough! - The number of connections within a group is called bonding social capital. - But what about the connections... - ...between groups? + Jak prosté! + Počet vztahů uvnitř skupiny se nazývá svazující sociální kapitál. + Ale co vztahy… + …mezi skupinami? - As you may have already guessed, - the number of connections between groups is called - bridging social capital. - This is important, because it helps groups break out of their insular echo chambers! + Jak jste už možná uhodli, + počet vztahů mezi různými skupinami se nazývá + přemosťující sociální kapitál. + Ten je důležitý, protože pomáhá nabourat myšlenkovou jednotvárnost skupin!
- Build a bridge, to "infect" everyone with complex wisdom: + Vytvořte most, abyste všechny „nakazili“ podmíněnou moudrostí: - Like bonding, there's a sweet spot for bridging, too. - (extra challenge: try drawing a bridge so thick that the complex contagion - can't pass through it!) - Now that we know how to "design" connections within and between groups, let's... - ...do BOTH at the same time! + Podobně jako u vnitřních svazků, i u mostů všeho moc škodí. + (Bonusový úkol: Zkuste nakreslit tak tlustý most, že přes něj podmíněně nakažlivé chování + nedokáže projít!) + Když teď umíme „projektovat“ vazby uvnitř i mezi skupinami, zkusme… + …udělat OBOJÍ současně! @@ -1410,7 +1410,7 @@ Final thing! These references also need you to TRANSLATE:

- “bonding and bridging social capital” + „Svazující a přemosťující sociální kapitál“

@@ -1427,7 +1427,7 @@ Final thing! These references also need you to TRANSLATE:

- “bridging social capital has a sweet spot” + „Ideální množství přemosťujícího sociálního kapitálu“

From b2191516917d1e119eb745b1a86a4026fbcc4ea1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Martin Doucha Date: Tue, 8 May 2018 21:57:36 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 06/12] Translate chapter 5 --- cs.html | 56 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------------------------- 1 file changed, 28 insertions(+), 28 deletions(-) diff --git a/cs.html b/cs.html index ec2989f..1686c2e 100644 --- a/cs.html +++ b/cs.html @@ -729,60 +729,60 @@ Also, bolds a word/phrase, and italicizes a word/phrase. - FINAL PUZZLE! + ZÁVĚREČNÝ HLAVOLAM!
- Draw connections within groups (bonding) and between groups (bridging) - to spread wisdom to the whole crowd: + Nakreslete vztahy uvnitř skupiny (svazky) a mezi skupinami (mosty), + aby se všichni nakazili moudrostí: - Congrats, you've just drawn a very special kind of network! - Networks with the right mix of bonding and bridging - are profoundly important, and they're called... - “Small World Networks”
+ Gratuluji, právě jste nakreslili velmi výjimečný druh sítě! + Sítě se správným poměrem svazků a mostů jsou + nesmírně důležité a nazývají se… + „Sítě malého světa“
- "Unity without uniformity". "Diversity without division". "E Pluribus Unum: out of many, one". + „Jednota bez jednotvárnosti.“ „Rozmanitost bez rozepří.“ „E pluribus unum: Z mnohého jeden.“
- No matter how it's phrased, - people across times and cultures often arrive at the same piece of wisdom: + Bez ohledu na formulaci, + lidé z různých dob a kultur většinou došli ke stejné pravdě: - a healthy society needs a sweet spot of bonds within groups - and bridges between groups. + zdravá společnost potřebuje správné množství svazků uvnitř skupin + a mostů mezi skupinami. - That is: + To znamená: - Not this... + Ne tohle…
- (because ideas can't spread) + (protože myšlenky se pak nemohou šířit) - nor this... + ani tohle…
- (because you'll get groupthink) + (protože vznikne skupinové myšlení) - ...but THIS: + …ale TOHLE: - - Network scientists now have a mathematical definition for this ancient wisdom: - the small world network. - This optimal mix of bonding+bridging describes how - our neurons are connected, - fosters collective creativity - and problem-solving, - and even once helped US President John F. Kennedy (barely) avoid nuclear war! - So, yeah, small worlds are a big deal. + + Vědci pro tuto odvěkou pravdu dnes mají matematickou definici: + síť malého světa. + Tato optimální kombinace svazků a mostů popisuje, + jak jsou propojené neurony, + podporuje kolektivní tvořivost + a řešení problémů, + a kdysi dokonce pomohla prezidentu USA Johnu F. Kennedymu (těsně) zabránit jaderné válce! + Takže ano, malé světy mají velký význam. - ok, let's wrap this up...
+ takže si to shrneme…
From cc55d31af14baaee1219ea1dcb0a2d5d90b48abc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Martin Doucha Date: Tue, 8 May 2018 23:24:41 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 07/12] Translate sandbox --- cs.html | 30 +++++++++++++++--------------- 1 file changed, 15 insertions(+), 15 deletions(-) diff --git a/cs.html b/cs.html index 1686c2e..1a3fdca 100644 --- a/cs.html +++ b/cs.html @@ -788,52 +788,52 @@ Also, bolds a word/phrase, and italicizes a word/phrase. - (pst... wanna know a secret?) + (pst… chcete znát tajemství?) - Contagion: + Nákažení od: - simple + jednoduché - complex + podmíněné - The Contagion's Color: + Barva nakažlivého chování: - Select a tool... + Výběr nástroje… - Draw Network + Kreslení sítě - Add Person + Přidat osobu - Add "Infected" + Přidat „nakaženého“ - Drag Person + Přesunout osobu - Delete Person + Smazat osobu - CLEAR IT ALL + SMAZAT VŠE - (...or, use keyboard shortcuts!) + (…nebo klávesovou zkratkou!) - [1]: Add Person     [2]: Add "Infected" + [1]: Přidat osobu   [2]: Přidat „nakaženého“
- [Space]: Drag     [Backspace]: Delete + [Mezerník]: Přesun   [Backspace]: Smazat From 3141a56853e9238141bb3d5730f6a2f59670055d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Martin Doucha Date: Thu, 10 May 2018 23:37:05 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 08/12] Translate chapter 6 --- cs.html | 76 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++----------------------------- 1 file changed, 38 insertions(+), 38 deletions(-) diff --git a/cs.html b/cs.html index 1a3fdca..72dcafc 100644 --- a/cs.html +++ b/cs.html @@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ Good luck, and thanks again!
6 - 6. Na závěr… + 6. Shrnutí
7 @@ -841,7 +841,7 @@ Also, bolds a word/phrase, and italicizes a word/phrase.
- IN CONCLUSION: it's all about... + SHRNUTÍ: podstatou všeho jsou…
- Contagions & Connections + Nakažlivá chování a vztahy
- Contagions: - Like how neurons pass signals in a brain, - people pass beliefs & behaviors in a society. - Not only do we influence our friends, - we also influence our friends' friends, and even our friends' friends' friends! - (“be the change you wanna see in the world” etc etc) - But, like neurons, it's not just signals that matter, it's also... + Nakažlivá chování: + Podobně jako si neurony v mozku předávají signály, + tak si lidé předávají myšlenky a vzorce chování. + Nemáme vliv jen na vlastní přátele, + ale i na přátele přátel a také na přátele přátel našich přátel! + („Žijte změnu, které chcete ve světě dosáhnout,“ atd.) + Ale stejně jako u neuronů nestačí jen signály, důležité jsou i…
- Connections: - Too few connections and complex ideas can't spread. - Too many connections and complex ideas get crushed by groupthink. - The trick is to build a small world network, the optimal mix of - bonding and bridging: e pluribus unum. + Vztahy: + Příliš málo vztahů, a podmíněné myšlenky se nemohou šířit. + Příliš mnoho vztahů, a podmíněné myšlenky převálcuje skupinové myšlení. + Klíčem je vytvořit síť malého světa, tedy optimální kombinaci + svazků a mostů: e pluribus unum.
- (wanna make your own simulations? - check out Sandbox Mode, by clicking the (★) button below!) + (Chcete si vytvořit vlastní simulaci? + Kliknutím na tlačítko (★) níže si můžete zahrát volnou hru!)
- So, what about our question from the very beginning? - Why do some crowds turn to... + Takže co naše počáteční otázka?
+ Proč z některých davů vzejde…
- ...wisdom and/or madness? + …moudrost a/nebo šílenství?
@@ -919,44 +919,44 @@ Also, bolds a word/phrase, and italicizes a word/phrase.
- From Newton to NASA to + Od Newtona přes NASA po teorii
- network science, we've covered a lot here + sítí, dnes jsme toho probrali hodně. Zkrátka
- today. Long story short, the madness of crowds + a dobře, šílenství davů často nevzniká kvůli jednotlivcům,
- is not necessarily due to the individual people, but due -
- to how we're trapped in a network's sticky web. + ale kvůli tomu, jak jsme zamotaní do sítě celé společnosti.
- That does NOT mean abandoning personal responsibility, for + To neznamená, že můžete hodit za hlavu osobní zodpovědnost,
- we're also the weavers of that web. So, improve your contagions: + protože tuto síť sami splétáme. Takže si lépe vybírejte, čím se
- be skeptical of ideas that flatter you, spend time understanding + nakazíte: dávejte si pozor na líbivé myšlenky, věnujte trochu úsilí
- complex ideas. And, improve your connections: bond with similar + na pochopení složitých myšlenek. A budujte lepší vztahy: vytvářejte
- folk, but also build bridges across cultural/political divides. + svazky se sobě podobnými, ale zároveň budujte mosty přes kulturní +
+ a politické propasti.
- We can weave a wise web. Sure, it's harder than doodling + Můžeme utkat mnohem moudřejší síť. Jistě, je to těžší
- lines on a screen... + než jen čmárat čáry na obrazovce… - ...but so, so worth it. + …ale fakt to stojí za to. - “The great triumphs and tragedies of history are caused, - not by people being fundamentally good or fundamentally bad, - but by people being fundamentally people.” + „Největší úspěchy a tragédie v dějinách se staly + ne protože by lidé byli v jádru dobří nebo špatní, + ale protože lidé jsou v jádru lidmi.“
~ Neil Gaiman & Terry Pratchett @@ -1592,7 +1592,7 @@ Final thing! These references also need you to TRANSLATE:

- “be skeptical of ideas that flatter you” + „dávejte si pozor na líbivé myšlenky“

yes, including the ideas in this explorable explanation. From 7aabd4b07b310342fcc709a869e4b942df17ffde Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Martin Doucha Date: Sat, 12 May 2018 13:40:08 +0200 Subject: [PATCH 09/12] Translate credits --- cs.html | 51 +++++++++++++++++++++++++-------------------------- 1 file changed, 25 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-) diff --git a/cs.html b/cs.html index 72dcafc..52ce5c7 100644 --- a/cs.html +++ b/cs.html @@ -971,39 +971,39 @@ Also, bolds a word/phrase, and italicizes a word/phrase.
- created by + Autor
NICKY CASE
- play my other shtuff · + mé další hry · - follow my tweeter + sledujte mě na Twitteru

- lots of love and thanks to -
- MY PATREON SUPPORTERS
+ Vřelé díky mým +
+ PŘISPĚVATELŮM NA PATREONU
- see names & drawings of supporters · + jména a kresby přispěvatelů · - see playtesters + tuto hru testovali
- help me make more like this! <3 + pomozte mi tvořit další podobné hry! <3

- ♫ music is + ♫ Hudba: - "Friends 2018" and "Friends 2068" - by Komiku + "Friends 2018" a "Friends 2068", + složil Komiku
- </> Crowds is + </> Tato hra je - fully open source + kompletně open source
@@ -1198,7 +1198,7 @@ Sorry, not done yet! These Bonus Boxes need you to TRANSLATE, too:

- I wanna learn more! What else can I read and/or play? + Chci se dovědět víc! Co si můžu přečíst nebo zahrát dál?

@@ -1615,28 +1615,27 @@ Final thing! These references also need you to TRANSLATE: